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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2025-15-1-57-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1053</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение ингибиторов контрольных точек иммунитета в лечении меланомы: достижения и препятствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma Treatment: Advances and Obstacles</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-5995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанбаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanbaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Султанбаев Александр Валерьевич — к.м.н., доцент, отдел противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии, кафедра педагогики и психологии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Sultanbaev — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Antiсancer Drug Therapy Unit, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rkodrb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер; Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; &#13;
Республиканский медико-генетический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Bashkir State Medical University; Republican Medical Genetic Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Султанбаев А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Султанбаев А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sultanbaev A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1053">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1053</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа представляет обзор современного состояния проблемы лечения меланомы кожи, особое внимание уделяется иммунотерапии ингибиторами контрольных точек иммунитета. Меланома как злокачественное новообразование представляет серьезную угрозу с учетом ее высокой смертности, что подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований и разработок эффективных стратегий лечения. Препараты контроля точек иммунного ответа показывают значительное улучшение выживаемости у пациентов. Тем не менее проблема резистентности к препаратам остается нерешенной, так как не у всех пациентов наблюдается одинаковый ответ на лечение даже при высоких уровнях мутационной нагрузки. Очевидно, что использование иммунотерапии может сопровождаться осложнениями, что также подчеркивает необходимость индивидуализированного подхода к терапии. Необходимо учитывать мутационную нагрузку, разнообразие Т-клеточных рецепторов и наличие специфических антигенов для предсказания эффективности лечения и понимания возможной резистентности. Результаты сказанного подтверждают важность системного подхода в лечении меланомы, включающего не только применение современных препаратов, но и глубокое понимание иммунного статуса пациента. Таким образом, в работе отмечена необходимость дальнейшего изучения механизмов действия иммунотерапевтических препаратов, а также выявление биомаркеров, которые могут служить предикторами ответа на терапию. Учитывая имеющиеся достижения в области молекулярной биологии и генетики, это может привести к разработке более эффективных лечебных стратегий. Решение вопросов, связанных с индивидуализацией терапии на основании иммунного статуса, должно стать важной частью клинической практики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in skin melanoma treatment with a particular focus on immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors. Melanoma as a malignant neoplasm presents a serious threat given its high mortality rate, which emphasizes the need for further research and development of effective treatment strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown a significant increase in the survival rate for skin melanoma patients. Nevertheless, the problem of drug resistance remains unresolved as a reaction to treatment differs from one patient to another even with high mutational burden. Obviously, immunotherapy may be accompanied by complications, which also emphasizes the need for an individualized approach to therapy. In order to predict treatment efficacy and understand possible resistance, mutation burden, T-cell receptor diversity, and specific antigens should be taken into account. All the above confirms the importance of a systematic approach to melanoma treatment including the use of modern drugs as well as a deep understanding of the patient’s immune status. Thus, this paper outlines the need for further research in the mechanisms of action of immunotherapeutic drugs as well as for the identification of biomarkers that may serve as predictors of response to therapy. This may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies given the available advances in molecular biology and genetics. Addressing issues related to individualization of therapy based on immune status should become an important part of clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>Т-рецепторные эксцизионные кольца</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>PD1</kwd><kwd>PDL1</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>TREC</kwd><kwd>T-cell receptor excision circles</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>PD1</kwd><kwd>PDL1</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopes J., Rodrigues C.M.P., Gaspar M.M., Reis C.P. Melanoma management: from epidemiology to treatment and latest advances. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(19):4652. 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