<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2025-15-2-64-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1088</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дифференциальная диагностика периферического образования легкого: обзор возможностей и ограничений современных методов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Differential Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions: Capabilities and Limitations of Current Methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4776-4141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исламов</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Islamov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исламов Ринат Нафкатович — туберкулезно-легочное хирургическое отделение, кафедра фтизиатрии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat N. Islamov — Pulmonary Tuberculosis Surgery Unit, Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i5lrinat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-4832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарипов Рауль Ахнафович — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра фтизиатрии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raul A. Sharipov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9788-1024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багиров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagirov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багиров Мамад-Багир Адил Оглы — д.м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник, кафедра торакальной хирургии, отдел хирургии</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mamad-Bagir A. Bagirov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chief Researcher, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4100-6839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тукфатуллин</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tukfatullin</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тукфатуллин Равиль Кашвиевич — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра фтизиатрии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ravil K. Tukfatullin — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5062-9788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Читорелидзе</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chitorelidze</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Читорелидзе Георгий Валерьевич — к.м.н., научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>George V. Chitorelidze — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Researcher</p><p>Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4531-4309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Елена Валерьевна — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра фтизиатрии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Pavlova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8272-6774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягафарова</surname><given-names>Р. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yagafarova</surname><given-names>R. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ягафарова Роза Каюмовна — д.м.н., доцент, кафедра фтизиатрии</p><p>Республика Башкортостан, Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rosa K. Yagafarova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Phthisiology</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет ; Республиканский клинический фтизиопульмонологический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University ; Republican Clinical Phthisiopulmonology Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза ; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis ; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет ; Республиканский клинический фтизиопульмонологический центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный научно-исследовательский институт туберкулеза</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Scientific Research Institute of Tuberculosis</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>160</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исламов Р.Н., Шарипов Р.А., Багиров М.А., Тукфатуллин Р.К., Читорелидзе Г.В., Павлова Е.В., Ягафарова Р.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исламов Р.Н., Шарипов Р.А., Багиров М.А., Тукфатуллин Р.К., Читорелидзе Г.В., Павлова Е.В., Ягафарова Р.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Islamov R.N., Sharipov R.A., Bagirov M., Tukfatullin R.K., Chitorelidze G.V., Pavlova E.V., Yagafarova R.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1088">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1088</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье проанализированы 63 научные работы, посвященные диагностике периферических образований легкого (ПОЛ). Дифференциальная диагностика ПОЛ затруднена разнообразием патологий (туберкулома, рак, доброкачественные опухоли) и отсутствием единого алгоритма, часто требующего хирургического вмешательства. Неинвазивные методы (рентгенография, компьютерная томография, позитронно-эмиссионная томография, анализ мокроты) ограниченны, особенно при малых образованиях. Фибробронхоскопия с эндоскопическим ультразвуковым исследованием и трансторакальная биопсия повышают точность диагностики, но связаны с риском пневмоторакса. Видеоторакоскопическая хирургия эффективна при неинформативности биопсии, особенно для образований менее 3 см, обеспечивая высокую точность и сокращение сроков госпитализации. Видеоассистированная торакоскопическая биопсия сопоставима с открытой биопсией по точности, но менее травматична. Традиционная торакотомия применяется при крупных или труднодоступных образованиях. Необходим комплексный подход, сочетающий компьютерную томографию (высокая информативность), позитронно-эмиссионную томографию (высокая чувствительность и специфичность для узлов &gt;10 мм) и инвазивные методы. Видеоторакоскопическая хирургия эффективна для образований менее 3 см, торакотомия — для крупных образований. Оптимальная диагностика требует индивидуального подхода. Сохраняется проблема дифференциальной диагностики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article analyzes 63 scientific works dedicated to the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (PLL). The differential diagnosis of PLL poses challenges due to the diversity of underlying pathologies, which may include tuberculoma, cancer, and benign tumors. The absence of a unified diagnostic algorithm often necessitates surgical intervention. Non-invasive methods, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and sputum analysis, exhibit limited diagnostic yield, particularly for small lesions. The combination of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and transthoracic biopsy enhances diagnostic accuracy; however, they carry risks such as pneumothorax. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is an effective modality when biopsies are inconclusive, especially for lesions of less than 3 cm. It ensures high diagnostic accuracy and reduces hospitalization duration. Videoassisted thoracoscopic biopsy offers diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of open biopsy, while exhibiting reduced invasiveness. Conventional thoracotomy remains indicated for large or hard-to-reach lesions. It is recommended that a comprehensive approach combining CT, characterized by high informative value, and PET scan, characterized by high sensitivity and specificity for nodules &gt;10 mm, with invasive methods be used. VATS proves effective for lesions below 3 cm, while thoracotomy is applied to large lesions. An individualized approach remains essential for optimal diagnosis. Despite the advancements, the challenge of differential diagnosis persists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>легких новообразования</kwd><kwd>видеоторакоскопия</kwd><kwd>торакотомия</kwd><kwd>трансторакальная биопсия</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>бронхоскопия</kwd><kwd>радиальная эндобронхиальная ультрасонография</kwd><kwd>видеоторакоскопическая хирургия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lung neoplasms</kwd><kwd>video-assisted thoracoscopy</kwd><kwd>thoracotomy</kwd><kwd>transthoracic biopsy</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd><kwd>differential diagnosis</kwd><kwd>bronchoscopy</kwd><kwd>radial endobronchial ultrasound</kwd><kwd>video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гомболевский В.А., Чернина В.Ю., Блохин И.А., Николаев А.Е., Барчук А.А., Морозов С.П. Основные достижения низкодозной компьютерной томографии в скрининге рака легкого. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2021;99(1):61–70. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-1-61-70</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gombolevskiy V.A., Chernina V.Yu., Blokhin I.A., Nikolaev A.E., Barchuk A.A., Morozov S.P. Main achievements of low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2021;99(1):61–70 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-1-61-70</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев Е.А., Важенин А.В., Кулаев К.И., Зуйков К.С., Юсупов И.М., Попова И.А. Способ диагностики периферических новообразований легких с эндосонографическим контролем положения эндоскопического инструмента в патологическом очаге: патент, Российская Федерация, 2719666 C1 от 17.06.2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev E.A., Vazhenin A.V., Kulaev K.I., Zujkov K.S., Yusupov I.M., Popova I.A. Diagnostic technique for peripheral lung growths with endosonographic control of endoscopic instrument position in pathological centre: Russian Federation patent 2719666 C1. 2019 June 17 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пилькевич Д.Н., Чекасина М.А., Ануфриева С.С. Опыт применения видеоторакоскопических атипичных резекций легкого при очаговых образованиях. РМЖ. 2023;1:18–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilkevich D.N., Chekasina M.A., Anufrieva S.S. Atypical videothoracoscopic lung resection in focal tumors. RMJ. 2023;1:18–21 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушкарев Е.А., Важенин А.В., Кулаев К.И., Юсупов И.М., Зуйков К.С., Попова И.А. Эффективность модифицированной методики биопсии при эндобронхиальном ультразвуковом исследовании (EBUS) в диагностике периферических новообразований легких: результаты клинического исследования. Уральский медицинский журнал. 2022;21(6):19–25. DOI: 10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-6-19-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushkarev E.A., Vazhenin A.V., Kulaev K.I., Yusupov I.M., Zuikov K.S., Popova I.A. Effectiveness of a modified biopsy technique in endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the diagnosis of peripheral lung neoplasms: results of a clinical study. Ural medical journal. 2022;21(6):19–25 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.52420/2071-5943-2022-21-6-19-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самородов Н.А., Сабанчиева Ж.Х., Васильев И.В. Применение видеоассистированных торакоскопических резекций легкого для дифференциальной диагностики заболеваний легких. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2021;99(2):16–20. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-2-16-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samorodov N.A., Sabanchieva Zh.Kh., Vasiliev I.V. Application of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resections for differential diagnosis of lung diseases. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2021;99(2):16–20 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-2-16-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюлькова Т.Е., Луговкина Т.К., Кутузова Д.М., Хабибуллина Н.Ф. Диагностика туберкулеза легких при недоказанном бактериовыделении (обзор литературы). РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2022;6(7):387–92. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-7-387-392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyulkova T.E., Lugovkina T.K., Kutuzova D.M., Khabibullina N.F. Diagnosis of bacteriologically unconfirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (literature review). Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(7):387–92 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-7-387-392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тюрин И.Е., Авдеев С.Н., Гаврилов П.В., Есаков Ю.С., Зяблова Е.И., Ильина Н.А. и др. Словарь терминов в торакальной визуализации. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2023;104(5):292– 332. DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2023-104-5-292-332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyurin I.E., Avdeev S.N., Gavrilov P.V., Esakov YU.S., Zyablova E.I., Ilina N.A., et al. Glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2023;104(5):292–332 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2023-104-5-292-332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черниченко Н.В., Лагкуева И.Д., Сусарев И.О., Джигкаева М.М., Чхиквадзе В.Д. КТ-навигация как залог успеха бронхобиопсии при периферических образованиях в легких. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2024;105(1):29–36. DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-29-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chernichenko N.V., Lagkueva I.D., Susarev I.О., Dzhigkaeva M.M., Chkhikvadze V.D. CT navigation is the key to successful bronchоbiopsy for peripheral pulmonary nodules. Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2024;105(1):29–36 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-29-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чесалина Я.О., Карпина Н.Л., Березовский Ю.С., Шишова С.В., Совокозов И.В. Сравнительная эффективность виртуальной бронхоскопии и эндобронхиальной ультрасонографии в малоинвазивной диагностике периферических образований легких: первый опыт. Пульмонология. 2021;31(6):718–28. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-6-718-728</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chesalina Y.O., Karpina N.L., Berezovskij Y.S., Shishova S.V., Sivokozov I.V. First assessment of comparative efficacy of virtual bronchoscopy and radial endobronchial ultrasound for minimally invasive diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions. Pul’monologiya. 2021;31(6):718–28 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-6-718-728</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шабалина И.Ю., Зайцева А.С., Красникова Е.В., Семенова Л.А., Сивокозов И.В., Карпина Н.Л. и др. Оценка радиального эндосонографического изображения периферических образований легких для выбора бронхобиопсий в дифференциальной диагностике туберкулеза, микобактериоза и злокачественных процессов. Врач. 2023;5:5–12. DOI: 10.29296/25877305-2023-05-01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shabalina I., Zaitseva A., Krasnikova E., Semenova L., Sivokozov I., Karpina N., et al. Evaluation of the radial endosonographic image of peripheral lung lesions for choosing the bronchobiopsies in the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis and malignancy. Vrach (The Doctor). 2023;5:5–12 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.29296/25877305-2023-05-01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Злокачественное новообразование бронхов и легкого. Москва; 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines. Malignant neoplasm of the bronchi and lung. Moscow; 2021 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Есаков Ю.С., Шрайнер И.В., Кирпичникова Е.И., Куликова Е.А., Ефтеев Л.А., Туквадзе Е.В. и др. Клиническая эффективность трансторакальной биопсии периферических новообразований легких под контролем МСКТ. Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. 2022;5:34–42. DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202205134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esakov Yu.S., Shrainer I.V., Kirpichnikova E.I., Kulikova E.A., Efteev L.A., Tukvadze Z.G., et al. Clinical efficiency of ct-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of peripheral lung lesions. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery = Khirurgiya. Zurnal im. N.I. Pirogova. 2022;5:34–42 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202205134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киреев А.А. Современные цитоморфологические классификации доброкачественных и опухолевых поражений легких. Лабораторная служба. 2023;12(1):14–20. DOI: 10.17116/labs20231201114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kireev A.A. Up-to-date cytomorphological classifications of benign and malignant lung lesions. Laboratory Service = Laboratornaya sluzhba. 2023;12(1):14–20 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/labs20231201114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Archer J.M., Mendoza D.P., Hung Y.P., Lanuti M., Digumarthy S.R. Surgical resection of benign nodules in lung cancer screening: incidence and features. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2023;4(12):100605. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archer J.M., Mendoza D.P., Hung Y.P., Lanuti M., Digumarthy S.R. Surgical resection of benign nodules in lung cancer screening: incidence and features. JTO Clin Res Rep. 2023;4(12):100605. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho A.T.N., Gorthi R., Lee R., Chawla M., Patolia S. Solitary lung nodule: CT-guided transthoracic biopsy vs transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasound and flexible bronchoscope, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lung. 2023;201(1):85–93. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00596-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho A.T.N., Gorthi R., Lee R., Chawla M., Patolia S. Solitary lung nodule: CT-guided transthoracic biopsy vs transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasound and flexible bronchoscope, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lung. 2023;201(1):85–93 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00596-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ho E., Cho R.J., Keenan J.C., Murgu S. The feasibility of using the “artery sign” for pre-procedural planning in navigational bronchoscopy for parenchymal pulmonary lesion sampling. Diagnostics. 2022;12(12):3059. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ho E., Cho R.J., Keenan J.C., Murgu S. The feasibility of using the “artery sign” for pre-procedural planning in navigational bronchoscopy for parenchymal pulmonary lesion sampling. Diagnostics. 2022;12(12):3059. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang J., Lv Z.M., Lv F.J., Fu B.J., Liang Z.R., Chu Z.G. Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of solitary pulmonary nodules caused by fungi: a comparative study. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:6019–28. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S382289</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang J., Lv Z.M., Lv F.J., Fu B.J., Liang Z.R., Chu Z.G. Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of solitary pulmonary nodules caused by fungi: a comparative study. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:6019–28. DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S382289</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kho S.S., Nyanti L.E., Chai C.S., Chan S.K., Tie S.T. Feasibility of manual bronchial branch reading technique in navigating conventional rEBUS bronchoscopy in the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesion. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(6):595–603. DOI: 10.1111/crj.13297</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kho S.S., Nyanti L.E., Chai C.S., Chan S.K., Tie S.T. Feasibility of manual bronchial branch reading technique in navigating conventional rEBUS bronchoscopy in the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesion. Clin Respir J. 2021;15(6):595–603. DOI: 10.1111/crj.13297</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirino Y., Tsuji T., Ohno S., Yoshimi R., Takeda Y., Misumi M., et al. [A solitary lung lesion in Wegener’s granulomatosis, which was difficult to differentiate from lung neoplasm]. Ryumachi. 2003;43(1):39–43. Japanese. PMID: 12692988</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirino Y., Tsuji T., Ohno S., Yoshimi R., Takeda Y., Misumi M., et al. [A solitary lung lesion in Wegener’s granulomatosis, which was difficult to differentiate from lung neoplasm]. Ryumachi. 2003;43(1):39–43. Japanese. PMID: 12692988</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Koning H.J., van der Aalst C.M., de Jong P.A., Scholten E.T., Nackaerts K., Heuvelmans M.A., et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with volume CT screening in a randomized trial. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):503–13. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911793</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Koning H.J., van der Aalst C.M., de Jong P.A., Scholten E.T., Nackaerts K., Heuvelmans M.A., et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with volume CT screening in a randomized trial. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(6):503–13. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911793</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korevaar D.A., Colella S., Fally M., Camuset J., Colby T.V., Hagmeyer L., et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines on transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(5):2200425. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00425-2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korevaar D.A., Colella S., Fally M., Camuset J., Colby T.V., Hagmeyer L., et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines on transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(5):2200425. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00425-2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurimoto N., Morita K. Bronchial branch tracing. Springer Nature; 2020. 173 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurimoto N., Morita K. Bronchial branch tracing. Springer Nature; 2020. 173 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lachkar S., Perrot L., Gervereau D., De Marchi M., Morisse Pradier H., Dantoing E., et al. Radial-EBUS and virtual bronchoscopy planner for peripheral lung cancer diagnosis: How it became the first-line endoscopic procedure. Thorac Cancer. 2022;13(20):2854–60. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14629</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lachkar S., Perrot L., Gervereau D., De Marchi M., Morisse Pradier H., Dantoing E., et al. Radial-EBUS and virtual bronchoscopy planner for peripheral lung cancer diagnosis: How it became the first-line endoscopic procedure. Thorac Cancer. 2022;13(20):2854–60. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14629</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ren Q., Zhou Y., Yan M., Zheng C., Zhou G., Xia X. Imaging-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of nodules in the lung base: fluoroscopy CT versus cone-beam CT. Clin Radiol. 2022;77(5):e394–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ren Q., Zhou Y., Yan M., Zheng C., Zhou G., Xia X. Imaging-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of nodules in the lung base: fluoroscopy CT versus cone-beam CT. Clin Radiol. 2022;77(5):e394–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.02.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sainz Zuñiga P.V., Vakil E., Molina S., Bassett R.L. Jr, Ost D.E. Sensitivity of radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided bronchoscopy for lung cancer in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions: an updated meta-analysis. Chest. 2020;157(4):994–1011. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sainz Zuñiga P.V., Vakil E., Molina S., Bassett R.L. Jr, Ost D.E. Sensitivity of radial endobronchial ultrasound-guided bronchoscopy for lung cancer in patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions: an updated meta-analysis. Chest. 2020;157(4):994–1011. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sano A. Virtual bronchoscopy using Horos. Lung India. 2020;37(5):457–8. DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_110_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sano A. Virtual bronchoscopy using Horos. Lung India. 2020;37(5):457–8. DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_110_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takata S., Miyake K., Kumanogoh A. The superiority of manual over automated methods in identifying bronchial trees on identical CT images. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):5416. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09401-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takata S., Miyake K., Kumanogoh A. The superiority of manual over automated methods in identifying bronchial trees on identical CT images. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):5416. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09401-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taketa T., Nakamura T. Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as a solitary nodule mimicking lung cancer. Clin Case Rep. 2021;9(6):e04208. DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4208</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taketa T., Nakamura T. Pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as a solitary nodule mimicking lung cancer. Clin Case Rep. 2021;9(6):e04208. DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4208</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Udagawa H., Kirita K., Naito T., Nomura S., Ishibashi M., Matsuzawa R., et al. Feasibility and utility of transbronchial cryobiopsy in precision medicine for lung cancer: Prospective single-arm study. Cancer Sci. 2020;111(7):2488–98. DOI: 10.1111/cas.14489</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Udagawa H., Kirita K., Naito T., Nomura S., Ishibashi M., Matsuzawa R., et al. Feasibility and utility of transbronchial cryobiopsy in precision medicine for lung cancer: Prospective single-arm study. Cancer Sci. 2020;111(7):2488–98. DOI: 10.1111/cas.14489</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velez‐Perez A., Abuharb B., Bammert C.E. Detection of non‐haematolymphoid malignancies in bronchoalveolar lavages — A cancer centre’s 10-year experience. Cytopathology. 2022;33(4):449–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velez‐Perez A., Abuharb B., Bammert C.E. Detection of non‐haematolymphoid malignancies in bronchoalveolar lavages — A cancer centre’s 10-year experience. Cytopathology. 2022;33(4):449–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng X., Xie F., Li Y., Chen J., Jiang Y., Sun J. Ultrathin bronchoscope combined with virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions with or without fluoroscopy: A randomized trial. Thorac Cancer. 2021;12(12):1864–72. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng X., Xie F., Li Y., Chen J., Jiang Y., Sun J. Ultrathin bronchoscope combined with virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions with or without fluoroscopy: A randomized trial. Thorac Cancer. 2021;12(12):1864–72. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng X., Zhong C., Xie F., Li S., Wang G., Zhang L., et al. Virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath without fluoroscopy for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions with a bronchus leading to or adjacent to the lesion: A randomized non-inferiority trial. Respirology. 2023;28(4):389–98. DOI: 10.1111/resp.14405</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng X., Zhong C., Xie F., Li S., Wang G., Zhang L., et al. Virtual bronchoscopic navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath without fluoroscopy for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions with a bronchus leading to or adjacent to the lesion: A randomized non-inferiority trial. Respirology. 2023;28(4):389–98. DOI: 10.1111/resp.14405</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhong C.H., Su Z.Q., Luo W.Z., Rao W.-Y., Feng J.-X., Tang Ch.-L., et al. Hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping as a simple method for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodule. Respiratory Research. 2022;23(1):245. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02160-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhong C.H., Su Z.Q., Luo W.Z., Rao W.-Y., Feng J.-X., Tang Ch.-L., et al. Hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping as a simple method for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodule. Respiratory Research. 2022;23(1):245. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02160-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou Y., Yang W., Ao M., Höti N., Gabrielson E., Chan D.W., et al. Proteomic analysis of the air-way fluid in lung cancer. Detection of periostin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Front Oncol. 2020;10:1072. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01072</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Y., Yang W., Ao M., Höti N., Gabrielson E., Chan D.W., et al. Proteomic analysis of the air-way fluid in lung cancer. Detection of periostin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Front Oncol. 2020;10:1072. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H., Liu H., Wen J., Yuan T., Ren G., Jiang Y., et al. Overexpression of human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase in NSCLC: its diagnostic value by means of exosomes of bronchoalveolar lavage. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2021;29(10):720–7. DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000963</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H., Liu H., Wen J., Yuan T., Ren G., Jiang Y., et al. Overexpression of human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase in NSCLC: its diagnostic value by means of exosomes of bronchoalveolar lavage. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2021;29(10):720–7. DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000963</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou X., Zhu Y., Hu Q., Qi Q., Hua H., Fei F., et al. Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in peripheral tuberculous pulmonary lesions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2022;50(12):572-578. DOI: 10.1002/dc.25041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou X., Zhu Y., Hu Q., Qi Q., Hua H., Fei F., et al. Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy in peripheral tuberculous pulmonary lesions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2022;50(12):572–8. DOI: 10.1002/dc.25041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou X., Cui N., Ma Q., Lin Z., Zhang J., Li X. Conventional versus cone-beam computed tomography in lung biopsy: diagnostic performance, risks, and the advantages of tract embolization with gelfoam particle suspension. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024;14(9):6479–92. DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-342</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou X., Cui N., Ma Q., Lin Z., Zhang J., Li X. Conventional versus cone-beam computed tomography in lung biopsy: diagnostic performance, risks, and the advantages of tract embolization with gelfoam particle suspension. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2024;14(9):6479–92. DOI: 10.21037/qims-24-342</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanahashi M. Thoracotomy approach to large tumors. Kyobu Geka. 2024;77(10):828–34. Japanese. PMID: 39617380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanahashi M. Thoracotomy approach to large tumors. Kyobu Geka. 2024;77(10):828–34. Japanese. PMID: 39617380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abid A., Ahmad T., Shaikh K.A., Nasreen S., Sikander N., Mazcuri M. Video Assisted Thoracoscopy as a therapeutic modality in evacuating retained or clotted haemothoraces. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(5):1428– 31. DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.288</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abid A., Ahmad T., Shaikh K.A., Nasreen S., Sikander N., Mazcuri M. Video Assisted Thoracoscopy as a therapeutic modality in evacuating retained or clotted haemothoraces. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(5):1428– 31. DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.288</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Круглова И.А., Паранина Т.В., Зиновьев С.В., Уткин О.В., Денисенко А.Н. Срочная интраоперационная цитологическая диагностика объемных (шаровидных) образований легкого. Пульмонология. 2023;33(3):357–65. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-3-357-365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruglova I.A., Paranina T.V., Zinoviev S.V., Utkin O.V., Denisenko A.N. Urgent intraoperative cytological diagnosis of spherical lung mass lesions. Pul’monologiya. 2023;33(3):357–65 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2023-33-3-357-365</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Афонин Г.В., Глухарева А.Е., Смоленов Е.И., Колобаев И.В., Бекетов Е.Е., Петров Л.О. и др. Применение ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ в дифференциальной диагностике одиночных образований легких. Исследования и практика в медицине. 2022;9(3):80–90. DOI: 10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-3-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afonin G.V., Glukhareva A.E., Smolenov E.I., Kolobaev I.V., Beketov E.E., Petrov L.O., et al. The application of PET/CT with 18F-FDG in the differential diagnosis of lung solitary lesions. Research and Practical Medicine Journal. 2022;9(3):80–90 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-3-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилов, П.В., Суворова, С.С., Смольникова, У.А., Ушков, А.Д. Гамартома легкого: моноцентровый аналитический обзор 142 случаев. Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2024;105(1):13–9. DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-13-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilov P.V., Suvorova S.S., Smolnikova U.A., Ushkov A.D. Pulmonary hamartoma: a singlecenter analysis of 142 cases. Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2024;105(1):13–9 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-13-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багиров М.А., Лепеха Л.Н., Садовникова С.С., Ерохина М.В., Каприна Н.Л., Красникова Е.В. Показания к хирургическому лечению туберкулем легких в современных условиях. Туберкулез и социально-значимые заболевания. 2018;2:43–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagirov M.A., Lepeha L.N., Sadovnikova S.S., Erokhina M.V., Karpina N.L., Krasnikova E.V. Nowaday indicacions to surgery for lung tuberculemas. Tuberculosis and socially significant diseases. 2018;2:43–8 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева И.А., Баласанянц Г.С., Борисов С.Е., Бурмистрова И.А., Валиев Р.Ш., Ваниев Э.В. и др. Туберкулез у взрослых: Клинические рекомендации. М., 2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’eva I.A., Balasanyants G.S., Borisov S.E., Burmistrova I.A., Valiev R.Sh., Vaniev E.V et al. Tuberculosis in adults. Clinical guidelines. Moscow; 2021 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diez-Ferrer M., Morales A., Tebé C., Cubero N., López-Lisbona R., Padrones S., et al. Ultrathin bronchoscopy with and without virtual bronchoscopic navigation: influence of segmentation on diagnostic yield. Respiration. 2019;97(3):252–8. DOI: 10.1159/000493270</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diez-Ferrer M., Morales A., Tebé C., Cubero N., López-Lisbona R., Padrones S., et al. Ultrathin bronchoscopy with and without virtual bronchoscopic navigation: influence of segmentation on diagnostic yield. Respiration. 2019;97(3):252–58. DOI: 10.1159/000493270</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goel M.K., Kumar A., Maitra G., Singh B., Ahlawat S., Jain P., et al. Safety and diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy by flexible bronchoscopy using laryngeal mask airway in diffuse and localized peripheral lung diseases: A single-center retrospective analysis of 326 cases. Lung India. 2021;38(2):109–16. DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_220_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goel M.K., Kumar A., Maitra G., Singh B., Ahlawat S., Jain P., et al. Safety and diagnostic yield of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy by flexible bronchoscopy using laryngeal mask airway in diffuse and localized peripheral lung diseases: A single-center retrospective analysis of 326 cases. Lung India. 2021;38(2):109–16. DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_220_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorospe L., Ajuria-Illarramendi O., de la Puente-Bujidos C., MuñozMolina G.M., Cabañero-Sánchez A., Moreno-Mata N., et al. PET/CT findings of granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and mimicking lung cancer. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(5):e122–3. DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000994</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorospe L., Ajuria-Illarramendi O., de la Puente-Bujidos C., MuñozMolina G.M., Cabañero-Sánchez A., Moreno-Mata N., et al. PET/CT findings of granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and mimicking lung cancer. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(5):e122–3. DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000994</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutiérrez J., Yumay P., Schiappacasse G., Fernándeza P.F., Truebab A.A., Santosa J.S., et al. Nódulo pulmonar solitario como presentación inhabitual de infección por Mycobacterium abscessus. Reporte de un caso clínico. Revista médica de Chile. 2023;151(12):1636–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutiérrez J., Yumay P., Schiappacasse G., Fernándeza P.F., Truebab A.A., Santosa J.S., et al. Nódulo pulmonar solitario como presentación inhabitual de infección por Mycobacterium abscessus. Reporte de un caso clínico. Revista médica de Chile. 2023;151(12):1636–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herth F.J., Mayer M., Thiboutot J., Kapp C.M., Sun J., Zhang X., et al. Safety and performance of transbronchial cryobiopsy for parenchymal lung lesions. Chest. 2021;160(4):1512–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herth F.J., Mayer M., Thiboutot J., Kapp C.M., Sun J., Zhang X., et al. Safety and performance of transbronchial cryobiopsy for parenchymal lung lesions. Chest. 2021;160(4):1512–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andolfi M., Potenza R., Capozzi R., Liparulo V., Puma F., Yasufuku K. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of early lung cancer: a review. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(11):3329–37. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.81</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andolfi M., Potenza R., Capozzi R., Liparulo V., Puma F., Yasufuku K. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of early lung cancer: a review. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(11):3329–37. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.11.81</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ernst A., Eberhardt R., Krasnik M., Herth F.J. Efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of hilar lymph nodes for diagnosing and staging cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(8):947–50. DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181add88d</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ernst A., Eberhardt R., Krasnik M., Herth F.J. Efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of hilar lymph nodes for diagnosing and staging cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(8):947–50. DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181add88d</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Megyesfalvi Z., Tallosy B., Pipek O., Fillinger J., Lang C., Klikovits T., et al. The landscape of small cell lung cancer metastases: organ specificity and timing. Thorac Cancer. 2021;12(6):914–23. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13854</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Megyesfalvi Z., Tallosy B., Pipek O., Fillinger J., Lang C., Klikovits T., et al. The landscape of small cell lung cancer metastases: organ specificity and timing. Thorac Cancer. 2021;12(6):914–23. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13854</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanz-Santos J., Andreo F., Serra P., Monsó E., Ruiz-Manzano J. The role of endobronchial ultrasound in central early lung cancer. Thorac Cancer. 2012;3(2):139–44. DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00102.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanz-Santos J., Andreo F., Serra P., Monsó E., Ruiz-Manzano J. The role of endobronchial ultrasound in central early lung cancer. Thorac Cancer. 2012;3(2):139–44. DOI: 10.1111/j.1759-7714.2011.00102.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J., Song J.U. Diagnostic yield of radial probe endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy in peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer. 2023;14(2):195–205. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14733</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J., Song J.U. Diagnostic yield of radial probe endobronchial ultrasonography-guided transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy in peripheral pulmonary lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorac Cancer. 2023;14(2):195–205. DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14733</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuijvenhoven J.C., Leoncini F., Crombag L.C., Spijker R., Bonta P.I., Korevaar D.A., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of centrally located lung tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiration. 2020;99(5):441–50. DOI: 10.1159/000500363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuijvenhoven J.C., Leoncini F., Crombag L.C., Spijker R., Bonta P.I., Korevaar D.A., et al. Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of centrally located lung tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respiration. 2020;99(5):441–50. DOI: 10.1159/000500363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albert R.H., Russell J.J. Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(8):827–31. PMID: 19835344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albert R.H., Russell J.J. Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(8):827–31. PMID: 19835344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kattih Z., Bade B., Hatabu H., Brown K., Parambil J., Hata A., et al. Interstitial lung abnormality: narrative review of the approach to diagnosis and management. Chest. 2025;167(3):781–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kattih Z., Bade B., Hatabu H., Brown K., Parambil J., Hata A., et al. Interstitial lung abnormality: narrative review of the approach to diagnosis and management. Chest. 2025;167(3):781–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2024.09.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moffatt S.D., Mitchell J.D., Whyte R.I. Role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and classic thoracotomy in lung cancer management. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(4):281–6. DOI: 10.1097/00063198-200207000-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moffatt S.D., Mitchell J.D., Whyte R.I. Role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and classic thoracotomy in lung cancer management. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2002;8(4):281–6. DOI: 10.1097/00063198-200207000-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kokkonouzis I., Strimpakos A.S., Lampaditis I., Tsimpoukis S., Syrigos K.N. The role of endobronchial ultrasound in lung cancer diagnosis and staging: a comprehensive review. Clin Lung Cancer. 2012;13(6):408–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.05.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokkonouzis I., Strimpakos A.S., Lampaditis I., Tsimpoukis S., Syrigos K.N. The role of endobronchial ultrasound in lung cancer diagnosis and staging: a comprehensive review. Clin Lung Cancer. 2012;13(6):408–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2012.05.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rusch V.W., Asamura H., Watanabe H., Giroux D.J., Rami-Porta R., Goldstraw P., et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: a proposal for a new international lymph node map in the forthcoming seventh edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(5):568–77. DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181a0d82e</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rusch V.W., Asamura H., Watanabe H., Giroux D.J., Rami-Porta R., Goldstraw P., et al. The IASLC lung cancer staging project: a proposal for a new international lymph node map in the forthcoming seventh edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2009;4(5):568–77. DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181a0d82e</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta A., Youness H., Dhillon S.S., Harris K. The value of using radial endobronchial ultrasound to guide transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(1):329–34. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta A., Youness H., Dhillon S.S., Harris K. The value of using radial endobronchial ultrasound to guide transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(1):329–34. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kops S.E.P., Heus P., Korevaar D.A., Damen J.A.A., Idema D.L., Verhoeven R.L.J., et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of navigation bronchoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer. 2023;180:107196. DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kops S.E.P., Heus P., Korevaar D.A., Damen J.A.A., Idema D.L., Verhoeven R.L.J., et al. Diagnostic yield and safety of navigation bronchoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer. 2023;180:107196. DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahn J.H. An update on the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):253–61. DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahn J.H. An update on the role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2020;37(4):253–61. DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
