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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2025-15-4-313-320</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1143</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности операций на лимфатическом аппарате у пациентов с меланомой кожи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Lymphatic Surgery in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-5092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букин</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukin</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Букин Эдуард Максимович — кафедра онкологии с гематологией</p><p>Ярославль </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard M. Bukin — Department of Oncology and Haematology</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eduardbukin1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-3395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малашенко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malashenko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малашенко Виктор Николаевич — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра онкологии с гематологией</p><p>Ярославль </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Malashenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Oncology and Haematology</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-1753</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбачков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybachkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбачков Владимир Викторович — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра госпитальной хирургии</p><p>Ярославль </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Rybachkov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Hospital Surgery</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-4969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васин Александр Борисович </p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Vasin  </p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-0591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голощапова</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goloshchapova</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Голощапова Наталья Сергеевна — поликлиническое отделение</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya S. Goloshchapova — Outpatient Department</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8899-0740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malov</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Малов Иван Дмитриевич — ординатор, кафедра онкологии с гематологией</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan D. Malov — Resident, Department of Oncology and Haematology</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-0819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимова Анастасия Евгеньевна — отделение опухолей молочной железы и кожи</p><p>Ярославль</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia E. Akimova — Breast and Skin Tumor Unit</p><p>Yaroslavl </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областная клиническая онкологическая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Oncological Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>313</fpage><lpage>320</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Букин Э.М., Малашенко В.Н., Рыбачков В.В., Васин А.Б., Голощапова Н.С., Малов И.Д., Акимова А.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Букин Э.М., Малашенко В.Н., Рыбачков В.В., Васин А.Б., Голощапова Н.С., Малов И.Д., Акимова А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bukin E.M., Malashenko V.N., Rybachkov V.V., Vasin A.B., Goloshchapova N.S., Malov I.D., Akimova A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1143">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1143</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Меланома кожи — агрессивная злокачественная опухоль нейроэктодермального происхождения. Согласно статистике большинство пациентов начинают лечение на 2-й и 3-й стадиях заболевания. Это усугубляет прогноз и определяет необходимость расширения объема хирургического лечения. Цель исследования: улучшить исходы операций на лимфатическом аппарате у пациентов с меланомой кожи. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 190 историй болезней пациентов с меланомой кожи. Путем статистического анализа оценена целесообразность эскалации и деэскалации вмешательств. В группе пациентов с 3-й стадией сформирована проспективная выборка из 43 человек, у которых операции проводились с использованием интраоперационных методик профилактики лимфореи. Результаты и обсуждение. Лимфаденэктомия с профилактической целью не оптимальна в связи с тем, что бóльшая часть пациентов не имеет признаков поражения лимфатических узлов на момент операции. Отказ от проведения расширенного вмешательства не всегда отвечает требованиям онкологической безопасности. Из 43 пациентов с метастатическим поражением лимфатических узлов имели поражение только 1 лимфатического узла 25 человек, 2 и более лимфатических узлов — 18 человек. При отказе от лимфаденэктомии высокий риск рецидива возможен у 41 % пациентов. У пациентов с 1-й стадией меланомы кожи отмечен низкий процент поражения лимфоколлекторов, как и регионарного метастазирования в отдаленном периоде. У пациентов с 3-й стадией заболевания возрастает вероятность послеоперационных нежелательных явлений. Пломбировка лимфатических сосудов, бережное отношение к окружающим структурам и использование оптического увеличения показывают хорошие результаты в профилактике послеоперационной лимфореи, что влечет снижение риска других осложнений. Заключение. Выбор типа оперативного вмешательства у пациентов с меланомой кожи должен быть обусловлен анализом прогнозов, взвешен в соответствии с возможными рисками и, при необходимости, дополнен применением средств профилактики осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor of neuroectodermal origin. According to statistics, most patients begin treatment at stages 2 and 3 of the disease. This worsens the prognosis and determines the need for expanding the scope of surgical treatment. Aim: To improve the outcomes of lymphatic surgery in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Materials and methods. A total of 190 medical records of cutaneous melanoma patients is analyzed. The feasibility of escalation and de-escalation of interventions is statistically assessed. The formed prospective sample includes 43 stage 3 patients subjected to surgery by intraoperative lymphorrhea-preventing methods. Results and discussion. Prophylactic lymphadenectomy appears nonoptimal since most patients have no evidence of lymph node involvement at the time of surgery. Refusal to perform an extended intervention scarcely ever meet the requirements of oncological safety. Of 43 patients with metastatic lymph node involvement, 25 persons had involvement of only one lymph node; two or more lymph nodes were involved in 18 patients. If lymphadenectomy is not performed, a high risk of recurrence is possible in 41% of patients. Patients with stage 1 cutaneous melanoma observe a low percentage of both lymph collector damage and regional metastasis in the distant period. Stage 3 patients have an increased risk of postoperative adverse events. Sealing of lymphatic vessels, careful treatment of surrounding structures, as well as the use of optical magnification show good results in the prevention of postoperative lymphorrhea to reduce the risk of other complications. Conclusion. The type of surgical intervention in patients with cutaneous melanoma should be based on prognose analysis, considered in accordance with possible risks and, if necessary, supplemented by the use of means to prevent complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>меланома</kwd><kwd>сигнальный лимфатический узел</kwd><kwd>биопсия сигнального лимфатического узла</kwd><kwd>метастазы лимфатической системы</kwd><kwd>лимфорея</kwd><kwd>послеоперационные осложнения</kwd><kwd>лимфаденэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melanoma</kwd><kwd>sentinel lymph node</kwd><kwd>sentinel lymph node biopsy</kwd><kwd>lymphatic system metastases</kwd><kwd>lymphorrhea</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd><kwd>lymphadenectomy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприн А.Д., Старинский В.В., Шахзадова А.О. (ред.) 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