surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2025-15-4-364-375surgonco-1149Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLESРазработка фотополимерных суспензий на основе гидроксиапатита для 3D-печати в медицинеDevelopment of Photopolymer Hydroxyapatite Suspensions for 3D Printing in Medicinehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-9430БиляловА. Р.BilyalovA. R.

Билялов Азат Ринатович — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра травматологии и ортопедии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа 

Azat R. Bilyalov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Ufa 

azat.bilyalov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-4872КарчевскийС. Г.KarchevskyS. G.

Карчевский Станислав Геннадьевич — лаборатория аддитивных технологий

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Stanislav G. Karchevsky — Laboratory of Additive Technologies

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-5393ТихоновА. А.TikhonovA. A.

Тихонов Андрей Александрович — лаборатория аддитивных технологий

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Andrey A. Tikhonov — Laboratory of Additive Technologies

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-5696ГалаутдиновМ. Ф.GalautdinovM. F.

Галаутдинов Марс Фларитович — лаборатория аддитивных технологий

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Mars F. Galautdinov — Laboratory of Additive Technologies

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7070-217XАкбашевВ. Н.AkbashevV. N.

Акбашев Владислав Николаевич — кафедра травматологии и ортопедии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Vladislav N. Akbashev — Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-2923ДанилкоК. В.DanilkoK. V.

Данилко Ксения Владимировна — к.б.н., доцент, лаборатория клеточных культур

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Ksenia V. Danilko — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Laboratory of Cell Cultures

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-8146ПятницкаяС. В.PiatnitskaiaS. V.

Пятницкая Светлана Викторовна — к.м.н., доцент, лаборатория биопринтинга

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Svetlana V. Piatnitskaia — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Bioprinting Laboratory

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-2302АхатовИ. Ш.AkhatovI. Sh.

Ахатов Искандер Шаукатович — д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория математического моделирования

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Iskander Sh. Akhatov — Dr. Sci. (Phys. and Math.), Prof., Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Mathematical Simulation

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0256-0645ДжуринскийД. В.DzhurinskiyD. V.

Джуринский Дмитрий Викторович — к.т.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория математического моделирования

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Dmitry V. Dzhurinskiy — Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Assoc. Prof., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Mathematical Simulation

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-4452АбдрахимовР. В.AbdrakhimovR. V.

Абдрахимов Руслан Вахитович — кафедра урологии и онкологии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Ruslan V. Abdrakhimov — Department of Urology and Oncology

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9530-516XБуренинаИ. В.BureninaI. V.

Буренина Ирина Валерьевна — д.э.н., профессор, кафедра экономики и менеджмента

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Irina V. Burenina — Dr. Sci. (Economics), Prof., Department of Economics and Management

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-4957ИшемгуловР. Р.IshemgulovR. R.

Ишемгулов Руслан Радикович — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра урологии и онкологии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Ruslan R. Ishemgulov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Urology and Oncology

Ufa 

Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202524122025154364375Copyright © Билялов А.Р., Карчевский С.Г., Тихонов А.А., Галаутдинов М.Ф., Акбашев В.Н., Данилко К.В., Пятницкая С.В., Ахатов И.Ш., Джуринский Д.В., Абдрахимов Р.В., Буренина И.В., Ишемгулов Р.Р., 20252025Билялов А.Р., Карчевский С.Г., Тихонов А.А., Галаутдинов М.Ф., Акбашев В.Н., Данилко К.В., Пятницкая С.В., Ахатов И.Ш., Джуринский Д.В., Абдрахимов Р.В., Буренина И.В., Ишемгулов Р.Р.Bilyalov A.R., Karchevsky S.G., Tikhonov A.A., Galautdinov M.F., Akbashev V.N., Danilko K.V., Piatnitskaia S.V., Akhatov I.S., Dzhurinskiy D.V., Abdrakhimov R.V., Burenina I.V., Ishemgulov R.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1149

Введение. Аддитивное производство керамики на основе гидроксиапатита (ГА) рассматривается как перспективный подход к созданию персонализированных костных имплантатов, однако высоконагруженные фотополимерные суспензии требуют точного подбора состава и режимов засветки для обеспечения стабильной печати и качества изделий. Целью работы явилась разработка фотополимерной суспензии на основе гидроксиапатита собственного синтеза для аддитивного производства керамических имплантатов методом DLP-3D-печати. Материалы и методы. Гидроксиапатит синтезировали методами соосаждения и гидротермального синтеза из водных растворов солей кальция и фосфатов, проводили помол и фракционирование порошка, морфологию оценивали с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии, элементный состав — методом энергодисперсионного рентгенофлюоресцентного анализа. На основе синтезированного гидроксиапатита была разработана фотополимерная суспензия с массовой долей неорганической фазы 60 %, содержащая акрилатные мономеры, фотоинициирующую систему и диспергирующие добавки. Также исследовали фотополимеризацию на DLP-3D-принтере при различной мощности ультрафиолетового излучения и времени экспозиции. Результаты и обсуждение. Было показано формирование хорошо кристаллизованного гидроксиапатита с пластинчатой и наноструктурированной морфологией и развитой пористостью, подтверждено преобладание кальция и фосфора без значимых токсичных примесей. При мощности излучения 40 мВт/см² оптимальное время экспозиции 6–10 с обеспечивало формирование равномерно отвержденных слоев толщиной около 0,7–0,9 мм и выход на плато по толщине при дальнейшем увеличении выдержки. Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что сочетание контролируемой морфологии гидроксиапатита и специально подобранной фотополимерной матрицы обеспечивает достаточную глубину полимеризации и стабильность слоев, необходимых для DLP-печати изделий сложной геометрии. Высокая удельная поверхность и пористость ГА дополнительно повышают его потенциал в тканевой инженерии. Разработанная фотополимерная суспензия на основе ГА собственного синтеза демонстрирует пригодность для DLP-3D-печати и может быть использована как основа для создания персонализированных керамических имплантатов в травматологии, ортопедии, нейрохирургии и челюстнолицевой хирургии.

Introduction. Additive manufacturing of hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics is considered a promising approach to creating personalized bone implants. However, highly loaded photopolymer suspensions assume precise composition and exposure conditions to ensure stable printing and product quality. The present study aims to develop a photopolymer suspension based on HA of in-house synthesis for the additive production of ceramic implants using DLP 3D printing. Materials and methods. HA is synthesized by coprecipitation and hydrothermal synthesis methods in aqueous solutions of calcium and phosphate salts. The powder is milled and fractionated for assessing the morphology and element composition using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, respectively. A photopolymer suspension with 60 wt. % of the inorganic phase, developed based on the synthesized HA, contains acrylate monomers, photoinitiating system and dispersing additives. In addition, photopolymerization is studied on a DLP 3D printer at different UV radiation powers and exposure times. Results and discussion. The synthesized well-crystallized HA has lamellar and nanostructured morphology, as well as developed porosity; the predominance of calcium and phosphorus without significant toxic impurities is confirmed. At a radiation power of 40 mW/cm², the optimal exposure time of 6–10 s ensures the formation of uniformly hardened layers with a thickness of about 0.7–0.9 mm and a thickness plateau at a further increase in exposure time. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that the combination of controlled HA morphology and specially selected photopolymer matrix provides sufficient polymerization depth and layer stability required for DLP printing of complex geometries. High specific surface area and porosity of HA further enhance its potential in tissue engineering. The developed photopolymer suspension based on HA of in-house synthesis demonstrates suitability for DLP 3D printing and can be used as a basis for creating personalized ceramic implants in traumatology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and maxillofacial surgery.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.