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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2026-16-1-14-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка отдаленных результатов лечения и качества жизни у пациенток с ранним раком молочной железы (cT1–2cN0) в зависимости от объема хирургического вмешательства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long‑term outcomes and quality of life in cT1–2cN0 early breast cancer: impact of axillary surgery extent</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-5429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимова</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimova</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хакимова Гулноз Голибовна — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра онкологии, детской онкологии и паллиативной помощи.</p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnoz G. Khakimova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology and Palliative Care.</p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетов Игорь Владимирович — академик РАН, профессор, кафедра онкологии, радиотерапии и пластической̆ хирургии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Reshetov — Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof., Department of Oncology, Radiotheraphy and Plastic Surgery.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зикиряходжаев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zikiryakhodzhaev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зикиряходжаев Азиз Дильшодович — д.м.н., профессор, отделение реконструктивно-пластической хирургии молочной железы и кожи, кафедра онкологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aziz D. Zikiryakhodzhaev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Unit of Reconstructive Surgery of Breast and Skin Tumors, Department of Oncology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимова</surname><given-names>Ш. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimova</surname><given-names>Sh. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хакимова Шахноз Голибовна — д.м.н., отделение реконструктивно-пластической хирургии молочной железы и кожи, кафедра онкологии, детской онкологии и паллиативной помощи.</p><p>Ташкент, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shakhnoz G. Khakimova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Unit of Reconstructive Surgery of Breast and Skin Tumors, Department of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology and Palliative Care.</p><p>Tashkent, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эркинова</surname><given-names>Ш. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erkinova</surname><given-names>Sh. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эркинова Ширин Искандаровна — студентка.</p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shirin I. Erkinova — Student.</p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимов</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хакимов Голиб Абдуллоевич — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра онкологии, детской онкологии и паллиативной помощи.</p><p>Ташкент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Golib A. Khakimov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Oncology, Pediatric Oncology and Palliative Care.</p><p>Tashkent</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent State Medical University</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт кластерной онкологии им. профессора Л.Л. Левшина Сеченовского университета; Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского Сеченовского университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена — филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра радиологии; Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.A Hertsen Moscow Research Oncology Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Center for Radiology; RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский государственный медицинский университет; Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П.А. Герцена — филиал Национального медицинского исследовательского центра радиологии</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent State Medical University; P.A Hertsen Moscow Research Oncology Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Center for Radiology</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хакимова Г.Г., Решетов И.В., Зикиряходжаев А.Д., Хакимова Ш.Г., Эркинова Ш.И., Хакимов Г.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хакимова Г.Г., Решетов И.В., Зикиряходжаев А.Д., Хакимова Ш.Г., Эркинова Ш.И., Хакимов Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khakimova G.G., Reshetov I.V., Zikiryakhodzhaev A.D., Khakimova S.G., Erkinova S.I., Khakimov G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1175">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1175</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В России 72,5 % впервые выявленных случаев рака молочной железы (РМЖ) диагностируются на ранних стадиях заболевания. Ключевым фактором при выборе объема хирургического лечения является статус N. Несмотря на то что биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла (БСЛУ) считается стандартом стадирования при cN0, данные крупных исследований подтверждают возможность безопасного отказа от нее у пациенток с cT1–2N0.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить отдаленные онкологические исходы и параметры качества жизни у пациенток с cT1–2cN0 РМЖ в зависимости от объема хирургического вмешательства в аксиллярной зоне.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование, проведенное в НМИЦ онкологии им. П. А. Герцена в 2017–2022 гг., включены 204 пациентки с люминальными подтипами первично-операбельного РМЖ. Пациентки были распределены на две группы: без выполнения БСЛУ (группа I, n = 51) и с выполнением БСЛУ (группа II, n = 153). Распределение осуществлялось методом псевдорандомизации в соотношении 1:3 с учетом клинико-морфологических характеристик опухоли. Средний возраст составил 58,1 года. Качество жизни оценивалось с использованием опросника EORTC QLQ-BR23 в течение одного года после операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медиана наблюдения составила 76,8 месяца. Прогрессирование заболевания отмечено у 4,4 % пациенток. Регионарные рецидивы зарегистрированы в 1,5 % случаев, отдаленные метастазы — в 2,5 %. Медиана времени до прогрессирования и общей выживаемости не достигнута. Пятилетняя общая выживаемость составила 100 %. Безрецидивная выживаемость — 95,2 ± 3,4 и 98,0 ± 1,1 % в группах I и II соответственно (p &gt; 0,05). Симптомы со стороны плеча и руки в течение первого года наблюдались у 4 и 17 % пациенток (p = 0,012).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Наши данные подтверждают результаты международных исследований: у пациенток cT1–2cN0 с люминальными подтипами возможно безопасное исключение БСЛУ без снижения онкологической эффективности. Отказ от аксиллярной лимфаденэктомии сопровождается меньшей частотой лимфедемы, боли и ограничения подвижности руки, что улучшает качество жизни. Многоцентровые исследования подтверждают тенденцию к сокращению хирургической агрессии при сохранении прогнозов выживаемости. Заключение. Пациентки с cT1–2cN0 люминальным РМЖ могут рассматриваться как кандидаты для отказа от выполнения БСЛУ без снижения онкологической эффективности лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In Russia, 72.5% of newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) cases are detected at early stages. Nodal status remains a key factor in determining the extent of surgical treatment. Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard staging procedure for cN0 disease, large prospective trials have demonstrated that SLNB can be safely omitted in selected patients with cT1–2N0 tumors.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. This study aims to evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes and quality-of-life parameters in patients with cT1–2cN0 breast cancer according to the extent of axillary surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. This study included 204 patients with luminal subtypes of primary operable breast cancer treated at the P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute (MORI) between 2017 and 2022. Patients were assigned to two groups: SLNB omitted (Group I, n = 51) and SLNB performed (Group II, n = 153). Allocation was carried out using pseudorandomization in a 1:3 ratio stratified by clinical and morphologic tumor characteristics. The mean patient age was 58.1 years. Quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 questionnaire during the first postoperative year.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median follow-up was 76.8 months. Disease progression occurred in 4.4% of patients. Regional recurrences were observed in 1.5% of cases, and distant metastases in 2.5%. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were not reached. Five-year overall survival was 100%. Recurrence-free survival was 95.2 ± 3.4% in Group I and 98.0 ± 1.1% in Group II (p &gt; 0.05). Shoulder and arm symptoms during the first year were reported by 4% and 17% of patients, respectively (p = 0.012). Discussion. Our findings are consistent with international evidence: in patients with cT1–2cN0 luminal breast cancer, SLNB can be safely omitted without compromising oncologic outcomes. Avoiding axillary lymph node dissection is associated with lower rates of lymphedema, pain, and reduced arm mobility, thereby improving quality of life. Multicenter studies support the trend toward de-escalation of axillary surgery while maintaining survival outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with cT1–2cN0 luminal breast cancer may be considered candidates for omission of SLNB without loss of oncologic efficacy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>аксиллярная зона</kwd><kwd>биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла</kwd><kwd>лимфаденэктомия</kwd><kwd>безрецидивная выживаемость</kwd><kwd>инвазивно-протоковая карцинома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>axilla</kwd><kwd>sentinel lymph node biopsy</kwd><kwd>lymphadenectomy</kwd><kwd>recurrence-free survival</kwd><kwd>invasive ductal carcinoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bray F., Laversanne M., Sung H., Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. 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