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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2026-16-1-43-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1178</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль регенеративной медицины в современных подходах в лечении недостаточности анального сфинктера</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of Regenerative Medicine in Modern Treatment of Anal Sphincter Insufficiency</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8918-8233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громенко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromenko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Громенко Денис Альбертович — ординатор, кафедра хирургии и эндоскопии.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Gromenko — Resident, Department of Surgery with a course of Endoscopy.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denisgromenko@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-2923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилко</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilko</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данилко Ксения Владимировна — к.б.н., лаборатория клеточных культур, кафедра биологии.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia V. Danilko — Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Laboratory of Cell Cultures, Department of Biology.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1696-3146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимербулатов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timerbulatov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимербулатов Виль Мамилович — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра хирургии с курсом эндоскопии.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vil M. Timerbulatov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Surgery with a course of Endoscopy.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3421-0212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имаева</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imaeva</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Имаева Альфия Камилевна — д.м.н., доцент, кафедра гистологии.</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alfiya K. Imaeva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Histology.</p><p>Ufa</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Громенко Д.А., Данилко К.В., Тимербулатов В.М., Имаева А.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громенко Д.А., Данилко К.В., Тимербулатов В.М., Имаева А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromenko D.A., Danilko K.V., Timerbulatov V.M., Imaeva A.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1178">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1178</self-uri><abstract><p>Недостаточность анального сфинктера (НАС) — это распространенная патология, приводящая к недержанию каловых масс и значительному снижению качества жизни. Анализ литературы показывает, что распространенность недостаточности анального сфинктера среди взрослого населения составляет в среднем 8 %. Эти данные подчеркивают значимость НАС как медицинской и социальной проблемы, требующей совершенствования методов диагностики и лечения. Консервативные методы лечения (тренировки, биологическая обратная связь, диетотерапия) часто дают лишь ограниченный и нестойкий эффект. При их неэффективности прибегают к малоинвазивным процедурам, а затем к хирургическому вмешательству. Однако и хирургические методы в долгосрочной перспективе характеризуются значительным риском рецидива. В связи с этим возлагаются большие надежды на регенеративную медицину, а именно — использование стволовых клеток в качестве основного или вспомогательного компонента в лечении недостаточности анального сфинктера. Исследования показали, что мезенхимальные стволовые клетки из жировой ткани улучшают морфологические характеристики сфинктера и восстанавливают мышечные волокна без прямой дифференцировки в мышечную ткань. Аналогичным эффектом обладают мезенхимальные стволовые клетки из костного мозга, которые стимулируют восстановление через паракринные механизмы, иммуномодуляцию, улучшая морфологию и сократительную способность мышц. В свою очередь, использование индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток пока остается малоизученным. В настоящее время доказательная база по эффективности всех типов клеток ограниченна, а стандартизированные протоколы отсутствуют. Для подтверждения эффективности необходимы многоцентровые рандомизированные исследования с унифицированными критериями оценки. Настоящее исследование представляет собой обзор современных данных, касающихся лечения недостаточности анального сфинктера. Также определяются приоритетные направления для последующих исследований в области регенеративной медицины, направленных на лечение недостаточности анального сфинктера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anal sphincter insufficiency (ASI) is a prevalent condition that leads to fecal incontinence (FI) and a substantial decline in health-related quality of life. Literature reports an average ASI prevalence of 8% among adults, underscoring its significance as both a medical and social issue that requires improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conservative management, including pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback therapy, and dietary modification, often provides only limited and temporary benefit. When conservative measures fail, minimally invasive procedures and, subsequently, surgical interventions are considered. However, even surgical approaches carry a substantial long-term recurrence risk. Regenerative medicine, particularly the use of stem cells as a primary or adjunctive therapeutic modality, has generated substantial interest. Studies show that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) improve sphincter morphology and promote restoration of muscle fibers without direct differentiation into smooth muscle. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) demonstrate similar effects, acting through paracrine signaling and immunomodulation to enhance muscle morphology and contractility. In contrast, the therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) remains largely unexplored. At present, the evidence base for all stem-cell therapies remains limited, with no standardized treatment protocols being established. Robust confirmation of efficacy requires multicenter randomized trials. This review summarizes current data on ASI treatment and identifies priority directions for future research in regenerative medicine aimed at managing this condition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>недостаточность анального сфинктера</kwd><kwd>терапия стволовыми клетками</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>anal sphincter insufficiency</kwd><kwd>stem-cell therapy</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gohil A.J., Gupta A.K., Jesudason M.R., Nayak S. Graciloplasty for anal incontinence—is electrical stimulation necessary? Ann Plast Surg. 2019;82(6):671–8. 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