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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2026-16-2-162-170</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-1214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-диагностические аспекты и результаты лечения местнораспространенного медуллярного рака щитовидной железы в Тюменской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Diagnostic Features and Treatment Outcomes of Locally Advanced Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Tyumen Region, Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-1153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Мария Ивановна — отделение опухолей головы и шеи</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria I. Sokolova — Head and Neck Tumor Unit</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sokolova_mi@medgorod.info</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-0809</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Валерия Игоревна — к.м.н., кафедра онкологии, радиологии и радиотерапии</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria I. Pavlova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotheraphy</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайсина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaisina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайсина Елена Александровна — к.м.н., служба противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии, кафедра онкологии, радиологии и радиотерапии</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Gaisina — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Anticancer Drug Therapy Service, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotheraphy</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Многопрофильный клинический медицинский центр «Медицинский город»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Многопрофильный клинический медицинский центр «Медицинский город»; Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Multidisciplinary Clinical Medical Center “Medical City”; Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>162</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколова М.И., Павлова В.И., Гайсина Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколова М.И., Павлова В.И., Гайсина Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolova M.I., Pavlova V.I., Gaisina E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1214">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/1214</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Медуллярный рак щитовидной железы (МРЩЖ)  — редкое агрессивное заболевание, на  долю которого приходится от  2  до  5 % всех случаев злокачественных опухолей щитовидной железы. Цель исследования  — проанализировать эпидемиологическую обстановку МРЩЖ в  Тюменской области, а  также изучить эффективность и  переносимость мультикиназных ингибиторов в  терапии МРЩЖ.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и  методы</title><p>Материалы и  методы. Включены 69  пациентов с  МРЩЖ за  период с 2017 по 2025 гг. Возраст больных от 39 до 78 лет (медиана 57). Сонографические характеристики узловых образований в  ЩЖ оценивались согласно системе EU  — THIRADS. Цитологическое исследование пунктатов щитовидной железы оценивалось согласно стандартизованной системе Bethesda Thyroid Classification, 2009, 2017, 2023. Показатели выживаемости рассчитывали по методу Каплана  — Майера. Концентрацию кальцитонина (КТ) и  раково‑эмбрионального антигена (РЭА) определяли электрохемилюминисцентным методом. Мутация в гене RET анализировалась в  крови, в  1  случае  — в  операционном материале.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В  период с  2017  по  2025  г. максимальные значения заболеваемости МРЩЖ в Тюменской области отмечены в 2021 и 2024 годах, составившие 0,65 и 0,74 на 100 тысяч населения. Средний показатель выживаемости на  фоне терапии препаратом кабозатиниб составил 19,30 мес., 95 % ДИ 14,45–21,39, медиана выживаемости 17,01 мес., препаратом вандетаниб в 1-й линии — 18 мес., 95 % ДИ 12,57–23,59; медиана выживаемости 14,00 мес., 95 % ДИ 12,46–20,55. Частота объективного ответа на фоне лечения вандетанибом — 29,4 % против 36,8 % при терапии кабозатинибом. Наиболее частыми нежелательными явлениями вандетаниба были артериальная гипертензия, кабозатиниба — ладонно-подошвенная эритродизестезия, селперакатиниба — токсический гепатит. Обсуждение. В данной публикации представлен ретроспективный анализ эффективности и безопасности применения ингибиторами протеинкиназ в клинической практике. Кабозатиниб продемонстрировал лучшие показатели выживаемости и частоты объективного ответа в сравнении с вандетанибом. Полученные результаты сопоставимы с  имеющимися научными исследованиями. Выявленные нежелательные явления были ожидаемыми, легко поддавались коррекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Высокоагрессивная природа МРЩЖ диктует необходимость постоянного контроля течения заболевания. При прогрессировании процесса рекомендовано рассмотреть возможность терапии ингибиторами протеинкиназ, тщательно оценивая потенциальные риски токсичности в контексте индивидуальных целей лечения каждого пациента.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy, accounting for 2–5% of all thyroid cancers. Aim. This study examined the epidemiological profile of MTC in the Tyumen Region (Russia) and evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) in MTC therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The analysis included 69 patients with MTC treated between 2017 and 2025. Patient age ranged from 39 to 78 years (median 57). Sonographic characteristics of thyroid nodules were classified according to the EU-TIRADS. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspiration samples followed the Bethesda Thyroid Classification (2009, 2017, 2023). Survival outcomes were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Serum calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence. RET mutation testing was performed on blood samples and, in one case, on surgical tissue.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Between 2017 and 2025, peak MTC incidence in the Tyumen Region occurred in 2021 and 2024, reaching 0.65 and 0.74 per 100,000 population, respectively. During cabozantinib therapy, mean survival was 19.30 months (95% CI 14.45–21.39), with a median of 17.01 months. For vandetanib in first-line therapy, mean survival was 18 months (95% CI 12.57–23.59), with a median of 14.00 months (95% CI 12.46–20.55). The objective response rate was 29.4% with vandetanib and 36.8% with cabozantinib. The most frequent adverse events were arterial hypertension with vandetanib, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia with cabozantinib, and toxic hepatitis with selpercatinib. Discussion. This retrospective analysis demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of MKIs in routine clinical practice. Cabozantinib showed superior survival outcomes and objective response rates compared to vandetanib. The observed adverse events were expected and manageable. The findings are consistent with published clinical evidence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Given the aggressive nature of MTC, continuous monitoring of disease progression is essential. In cases of progression, MKI therapy should be considered, with careful evaluation of potential toxicity in relation to individual treatment goals.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медуллярный рак</kwd><kwd>новообразования щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>вандетаниб</kwd><kwd>кабозатиниб</kwd><kwd>селперкатиниб</kwd><kwd>RET</kwd><kwd>непереносимая токсичность</kwd><kwd>выживаемость без прогрессирования</kwd><kwd>кальцитонин</kwd><kwd>таргетная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medullary thyroid carcinoma</kwd><kwd>thyroid neoplasms</kwd><kwd>vandetanib</kwd><kwd>cabozantinib</kwd><kwd>selpercatinib</kwd><kwd>RET</kwd><kwd>intolerable toxicity</kwd><kwd>progression-free survival</kwd><kwd>calcitonin</kwd><kwd>targeted therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная работа не финансировалась.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work is not funded.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 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