surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-2-138-143surgonco-387Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSМикро-РНК как новые игроки в контроле функций гипоталамусаMicro RNAS as New Players in Control of Hypothalamic Functionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.

Бейлерли Озал Арзуман оглы — аспирант кафедры урологии с курсом ИДПО

тел.: +79875980003 

Beylerli Ozal Arzuman Ogly — Post-graduate student of the Department of Urology with the Course of Additional Professional Education

тел.: +79875980003

obeylerli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.

Гареев Ильгиз Фанилевич — аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии и медицинской реабилитации с курсом ИДПО

Garaev Il’giz Fanilevich — Post-graduate student of the Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation with the Course of Additional Professional Education

ilgiz_gareev@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-6246БейлерлиА. Т.BeylerliA. T.

Бейлерли Аферин Таги кызы — клинический ординатор 2-го года обучения кафедры акушерства и гинекологии № 1

Beylerli Aferin Tagi kyzy — Resident of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1

agamidli@mail.ruБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20192907201992138143Copyright © Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Бейлерли А.Т., 20192019Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Бейлерли А.Т.Beylerli O.A., Gareev I.F., Beylerli A.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/387

Микро-РНК (miRNA) представляют собой короткие некодирующие РНК (нкРНК) длиной ~22 нуклеотида, участвующие в посттранскрипционной регуляции экспрессии генов. Они были обнаружены более 15 лет назад, и их функции начинают раскрываться. Они играют важную роль во всех биологических процессах. Являются важными модуляторами экспрессии эукариотических генов. Ориентируясь на транскрипты, кодирующие белки, микро-РНК влияют на клеточный транскриптом, тем самым помогая определить судьбу клетки. Все больше данных указывают на важную функциональную роль микро-РНК в развитии мозга. С момента их открытия многие микро-РНК были описаны как ключевые факторы развития и функционирования центральной нервной системы. Некоторые играют существенную роль в генезе и дифференцировке нервных клеток (нейронов и глиальных клеток). В частности, недавно было установлено, что miRNAs играют жизненно важную роль в механизмах, лежащих в основе инфантильного роста продукции гонадотропин-рилизинг-гормонов (ГнРГ) нейронами в гипоталамусе. Этот феномен необходим для наступления половой зрелости у млекопитающих. В этом обзоре мы постараемся описать микро-РНК как новых игроков в контроле функции гипоталамуса, а именно наступления полового созревания.

Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of ~22 nucleotides in length involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They were discovered over 15 years ago and their functions are becoming clearer. They play an important role in all biological processes. MiRNAs are important modulators of the expression of eukaryotic genes. Focusing on transcripts encoding proteins they impact on the cellular transcriptome thus helping to determine the destiny of a cell. More and more data emerge to indicate an important functional role of miRNAs in the brain development. Since their discovery many miRNAs have been described as key factors in the development and function of the central nervous system. Some play a significant role in the genesis and differentiation of nerve cells (neurons and glial cells). Notably, it has recently been established that miRNAs play a vital role in the mechanisms underpinning the infantile increase of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production by neurons in the hypothalamus. This phenomenon is necessary for the onset of puberty in mammals. In this review offers our attempt to describe miRNAs as new players in the control of hypothalamic functions, namely the onset of puberty.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.