surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-3-216-222surgonco-419Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSОпухолевые стволовые клетки мультиформной глиобластомы как потенциальные терапевтические мишениGlioblastoma Multiformе Tumour Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutic Targetshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.

Бейлерли Озал Арзуман оглы — аспирант кафедры урологии с курсом ИДПО, тел.: +79875980003

Beylerli Ozal Arzuman — Post-graduate student of the Department of Urology with the Course of Additional Professional Education, tel.: +79875980003

obeylerli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.

Гареев Ильгиз Фанилевич — аспирант кафедры нейрохирургии и медицинской реабилитации с курсом ИДПО

Gareev Ilgiz Fanilevich — Post-graduate student of the Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation with the Course of Additional Professional Education

ilgiz_gareev@mail.ruZhaoSh.ZhaoSh.

Shiguang Zhao — профессор, зав. кафедрой нейрохирургии

Shiguang Zhao — Professor, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery

guangsz@hotmail.comChenX.ChenX.

Xin Chen — ассистент кафедры нейрохирургии, врачфармаколог

Xin Chen — Assistant lecturer of the Department of Neurosurgery, Pharmacologist

chenxin_tracy@yeah.netБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationХарбинский медицинский университетКитайHarbin Medical UniversityChina20192011201993216222Copyright © Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Zhao S., Chen X., 20192019Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Zhao S., Chen X.Beylerli O.A., Gareev I.F., Zhao S., Chen X.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/419

Спустя десять лет после первого описания опухолевых стволовых клеток (ОСК) у глиобластомы (GBM) первоначальная концепция ОСК была подвергнута сомнению, и наше понимание клеточной гетерогенности в злокачественных опухолях головного мозга стало более сложным. Увеличение знаний об опухолевых стволовых клетках также влияет на доклинические исследования и клиническую практику. Одним из основных препятствий в лечении рака является химиорезистентность, ведущая к рецидиву опухоли и метастазированию. Рецидив GBM почти универсален, и ее прогноз остается сомнительным, несмотря на значительные успехи в лечении за последнее десятилетие. Опухолевые стволовые клетки, в частности стволовые клетки глиобластомы (СКГ), обладают высокой устойчивостью к химиотерапии и лучевой терапии, а также к иммунному распознаванию. GBM показывает значительную внутриопухолевую фенотипическую и молекулярную гетерогенность и содержит популяцию опухолевых стволовых клеток, которая способствует делению опухолевых клеток, поддержанию и устойчивости к лечению. ОСК функционально определяются их способностью к самообновлению и дифференцировке, и они имеют разнообразную иерархию клеток, составляющих опухоль. Учитывая критическую роль ОСК в патогенезе глиобластомы, исследование их молекулярных и фенотипических характеристик является терапевтическим приоритетом.

The original concept of tumour stem cells (TSC) has been questioned ten years after TSCs in glioblastoma (GBM) had been described for the first time. Our understanding of cell heterogeneity in malignant brain tumours has become more complex. The improvements in our knowledge of tumour stem cells also impact on pre-clinical research and clinical practice. Chemoresistance is one of the key obstacles to success in treating malignant tumours; it results in tumour recurrence and metastatic spread. GBM relapse is almost universal, and its prognosis remains uncertain despite significant advances in treatment over the last decade. Tumour stem cells, glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) in particular, are highly resistant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immune recognition. GBM shows significant intratumoural phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity containing a population of tumour stem cells that contributes to the division of tumour cells supporting the resistance to treatment. TSCs are defined functionally by their ability for self-renewal and differentiation; they present a most diverse hierarchy of cells making up the tumour. The critical role of TSCs in glioblastoma pathogenesis makes the research into their molecular and phenotypic characteristics is a therapeutic priority.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.