<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-3-244-250</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-606</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кровохарканье как осложнение криобаллонной абляции устьев легочных вен с использованием проводника для позиционирования баллона при сложной анатомии: серия клинических случаев</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Haemoptysis as Complication of Wire-Guided Pulmonary Vein Orifice Cryoballoon Ablation in Complex Anatomy: a Clinical Case Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-8353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокин</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokin</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сорокин Илья Николаевич – отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya N. Sorokin – Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">isorockin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9642-9754</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айвазьян</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayvazyan</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айвазьян Сергей Артемович – к.м.н., отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Ayvazyan – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-7331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшенин</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshenin</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горшенин Константин Геннадьевич – отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin G. Gorshenin – Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-217X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буслаева</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buslaeva</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буслаева Светлана Игоревна – отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Buslaeva – Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9029-4302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворникова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornikova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворникова Майя Игоревна – отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maya I. Dvornikova – Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-6488</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серегин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seregin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Серегин Андрей Анатольевич – отделение рентгенохирургических методов диагностики и лечения</p><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Seregin – Department of Interventional Radiology</p><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Приволжский окружной медицинский центр Федерального медико-биологического агентства России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Medical Centre of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>244</fpage><lpage>250</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сорокин И.Н., Айвазьян С.А., Горшенин К.Г., Буслаева С.И., Дворникова М.И., Серегин А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сорокин И.Н., Айвазьян С.А., Горшенин К.Г., Буслаева С.И., Дворникова М.И., Серегин А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sorokin I.N., Ayvazyan S.A., Gorshenin K.G., Buslaeva S.I., Dvornikova M.I., Seregin A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/606">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/606</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Криобаллонная абляция устьев легочных вен является эффективным методом лечения фибрилляции предсердий. Как интервенционный метод она сопровождается риском развития осложнений, в том числе кровохарканья. В серии описанных клинических случаев обнаружены свежие данные, позволяющие по-новому взглянуть на механизм возникновения таких событий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективно был проведен анализ четырех случаев криобаллонной абляции устьев легочных вен, осложнившихся кровохарканьем. Вмешательства были завершены согласно принятому в клинике протоколу, послеоперационный период протекал без других осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По данным флюорографии было отмечено, что конец проводника, который использовался для создания поддержки баллона, находился на периферии нижней доли правого легкого в виде петли. При сопоставлении с данными послеоперационной компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки оказалось, что основной объем крови в легочной ткани также локализовался в нижней доле правого легкого, что свидетельствует о повреждении легочной ткани проводником.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Анатомия легочных вен вариабельна и может значительно усложнять выполнение процедуры криобаллонной абляции. Это связано с особенностью навигации баллона в левом предсердии. Для достижения оптимальной окклюзии устья легочной вены могут применяться проводники, но это сопряжено с развитием осложнений в виде кровохарканья.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Продвижение инструмента к периферии легких сопряжено с повышенными рисками развития кровохарканья и кровотечения. Периоперационное кровохарканье и кровотечение наиболее вероятно связаны с механическим повреждением вен малого диаметра, но это требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cryoballoon ablation of pulmonary vein orifices is an effective measure in atrial fibrillation but associates with risks of interventional complications, including haemoptysis. The described clinical case series presents novel evidence to revisit the complication sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Four haemoptysis-complicated cryoballoon ablations of pulmonary vein orifice have been analysed retrospectively. Interventions completed in a common clinical protocol with no additional postoperative complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Fluoroscopy revealed a loop-formed balloon-supporting end of guidewire located in peripheral lower lobe of right lung. Postoperative chest computed tomography also depicted the main lung blood volume confined in right lower lobe, thus indicating pulmonary damage by the guidewire.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Pulmonary vein anatomy is diverse and can greatly sophisticate the cryoballoon ablation procedure with a peculiar balloon navigation in left atrium. An optimal pulmonary vein orifice occlusion can be attained with guidewire, albeit incurring complications in form of haemoptysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The appliance advancement towards lung periphery associates with a higher risk of haemoptysis and bleeding. Perioperative haemoptysis and bleeding are most likely associated with mechanical injury to minor veins and require further investigation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>криобаллонная абляция</kwd><kwd>легочные вены</kwd><kwd>кровохарканье</kwd><kwd>легочное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>гидрофильный проводник</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>cryoballoon ablation</kwd><kwd>pulmonary veins</kwd><kwd>haemoptysis</kwd><kwd>pulmonary bleeding</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>hydrophilic guidewire</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann E., Straube F., Wegscheider K., Kuniss M., Andresen D., Wu L.Q., et al. Outcomes of cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation in symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2019;21(9):1313–24. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffmann E., Straube F., Wegscheider K., Kuniss M., Andresen D., Wu L.Q., et al. Outcomes of cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation in symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2019;21(9):1313–24. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyazaki S., Tada H. Complications of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2019;8(1):60–4. DOI: 10.15420/aer.2018.72.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyazaki S., Tada H. Complications of cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2019;8(1):60–4. DOI: 10.15420/aer.2018.72.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuwahara T., Takahashi A., Takahashi Y., Kobori A., Miyazaki S., Takei A., et al. Clinical characteristics of massive air embolism complicating left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation: lessons from five cases. Europace. 2012;14(2):204–8. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuwahara T., Takahashi A., Takahashi Y., Kobori A., Miyazaki S., Takei A., et al. Clinical characteristics of massive air embolism complicating left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation: lessons from five cases. Europace. 2012;14(2):204–8. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ströker E., de Asmundis C., Kupics K., Takarada K., Mugnai G., De Cocker J., et al. Value of ultrasound for access guidance and detection of subclinical vascular complications in the setting of atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation. Europace. 2019;21(3):434–9. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ströker E., de Asmundis C., Kupics K., Takarada K., Mugnai G., De Cocker J., et al. Value of ultrasound for access guidance and detection of subclinical vascular complications in the setting of atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation. Europace. 2019;21(3):434–9. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calkins H., Hindricks G., Cappato R., Kim Y.H., Saad E.B., Aguinaga L., et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Europace. 2018;20(1):157–208. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux275</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calkins H., Hindricks G., Cappato R., Kim Y.H., Saad E.B., Aguinaga L., et al. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Europace. 2018;20(1):157–208. DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux275</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aksu T., EbruGolcuk S., Yalin K. Haemoptysis and pulmonary haemorrhage associated with cryoballoon ablation. Europace. 2015;17(8):1240. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aksu T., EbruGolcuk S., Yalin K. Haemoptysis and pulmonary haemorrhage associated with cryoballoon ablation. Europace. 2015;17(8):1240. DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshizawa R., Owada S., Sawa Y., Deguchi H. Successful removal of a circular mapping catheter which perforated the pulmonary vein during cryoballoon ablation by lateral thoracotomy: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(4):1–5. DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshizawa R., Owada S., Sawa Y., Deguchi H. Successful removal of a circular mapping catheter which perforated the pulmonary vein during cryoballoon ablation by lateral thoracotomy: a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(4):1–5. DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrade J.G., Cheung C.C., Deyell M.W. Hemoptysis and cryoballoon ablation: is it crystal clear? JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6(7):783–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.05.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrade J.G., Cheung C.C., Deyell M.W. Hemoptysis and cryoballoon ablation: is it crystal clear? JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2020;6(7):783–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.05.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukunaga H., Higuchi R., Tanizaki K., Isobe M. Pulmonary vein perforation into bronchi: a rare but life-threatening complication of cryoballoon ablation. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2019;3(1):ytz022. DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukunaga H., Higuchi R., Tanizaki K., Isobe M. Pulmonary vein perforation into bronchi: a rare but life-threatening complication of cryoballoon ablation. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2019;3(1):ytz022. DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytz022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schweigert M., Almeida A.B. Life-threatening pulmonary haemorrhage during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;54(4):789–91. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schweigert M., Almeida A.B. Life-threatening pulmonary haemorrhage during cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;54(4):789–91. DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy160</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosu R., Cismaru G., Muresan L., Puiu M., Gusetu G., Istratoaie S., et al. Intracardiac echocardiography for transseptal puncture. A guide for cardiac electrophysiologists. Med Ultrason. 2019;21(2):183–90. DOI: 10.11152/mu-1827</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosu R., Cismaru G., Muresan L., Puiu M., Gusetu G., Istratoaie S., et al. Intracardiac echocardiography for transseptal puncture. A guide for cardiac electrophysiologists. Med Ultrason. 2019;21(2):183–90. DOI: 10.11152/mu-1827</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyazaki S., Nakamura H., Taniguchi H., Takagi T., Iwasawa J., Watanabe T., et al. Esophagus-related complications during second-generation cryoballoon ablation-insight from simultaneous esophageal temperature monitoring from 2 esophageal probes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2016;27(9):1038–44. DOI: 10.1111/jce.13015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyazaki S., Nakamura H., Taniguchi H., Takagi T., Iwasawa J., Watanabe T., et al. Esophagus-related complications during second-generation cryoballoon ablation-insight from simultaneous esophageal temperature monitoring from 2 esophageal probes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2016;27(9):1038–44. DOI: 10.1111/jce.13015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghosh J., Sepahpour A., Chan K.H., Singarayar S., McGuire M.A. Immediate balloon deflation for prevention of persistent phrenic nerve palsy during pulmonary vein isolation by balloon cryoablation. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(5):646–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghosh J., Sepahpour A., Chan K.H., Singarayar S., McGuire M.A. Immediate balloon deflation for prevention of persistent phrenic nerve palsy during pulmonary vein isolation by balloon cryoablation. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(5):646–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.01.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aryana A., Kenigsberg D.N., Kowalski M., Koo C.H., Lim H.W., O’Neill P.G., et al. Verification of a novel atrial fibrillation cryoablation dosing algorithm guided by time-to-pulmonary vein isolation: Results from the Cryo-DOSING Study (Cryoballoon-ablation DOSING Based on the Assessment of Time-to-Effect and Pulmonary Vein Isolation Guidance). Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(9):1319–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.06.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryana A., Kenigsberg D.N., Kowalski M., Koo C.H., Lim H.W., O’Neill P.G., et al. Verification of a novel atrial fibrillation cryoablation dosing algorithm guided by time-to-pulmonary vein isolation: Results from the Cryo-DOSING Study (Cryoballoon-ablation DOSING Based on the Assessment of Time-to-Effect and Pulmonary Vein Isolation Guidance). Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(9):1319–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.06.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iacopino S., Mugnai G., Takarada K., Paparella G., Ströker E., De Regibus V., et al. Second-generation cryoballoon ablation without the use of real-time recordings: A novel strategy based on a temperature-guided approach to ablation. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(3):322–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.11.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iacopino S., Mugnai G., Takarada K., Paparella G., Ströker E., De Regibus V., et al. Second-generation cryoballoon ablation without the use of real-time recordings: A novel strategy based on a temperature-guided approach to ablation. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(3):322–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.11.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okano T., Okada A., Tabata H., Kobayashi H., Shoin W., Yoshie K., et al. Wire perforation causing cardiopulmonary arrest during radiofrequency hot balloon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. J Cardiol Cases. 2019;19(5):169–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okano T., Okada A., Tabata H., Kobayashi H., Shoin W., Yoshie K., et al. Wire perforation causing cardiopulmonary arrest during radiofrequency hot balloon ablation for pulmonary vein isolation. J Cardiol Cases. 2019;19(5):169–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2019.01.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aryana A., Baker J.H., Espinosa Ginic M.A., Pujara D.K., Bowers M.R., O’Neill P.G., et al. Posterior wall isolation using the cryoballoon in conjunction with pulmonary vein ablation is superior to pulmonary vein isolation alone in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: A multicenter experience. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(8):1121–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aryana A., Baker J.H., Espinosa Ginic M.A., Pujara D.K., Bowers M.R., O’Neill P.G., et al. Posterior wall isolation using the cryoballoon in conjunction with pulmonary vein ablation is superior to pulmonary vein isolation alone in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: A multicenter experience. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15(8):1121–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kandathil A., Chamarthy M. Pulmonary vascular anatomy &amp; anatomical variants. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(3):201–7. DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.01.04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kandathil A., Chamarthy M. Pulmonary vascular anatomy &amp; anatomical variants. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2018;8(3):201–7. DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2018.01.04</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Human Protein Atlas [Internet]. Stockholm. From 2005. [cited 2021 June 8]. Available from: https://v15.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal/lung+1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Human Protein Atlas [Internet]. Stockholm. From 2005. [cited 2021 June 8]. Available from: https://v15.proteinatlas.org/learn/dictionary/normal/lung+1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
