surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2022-12-2-139-150surgonco-695Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSГепатоцеллюлярная карцинома: этиологические факторы и механизмы развития. Обзор литературыHepatocellular Carcinoma: Aetiology and Mechanisms of Development. A Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-2779МеньшиковК. В.MenshikovK. V.

к.м.н., доцент, кафедра онкологии с курсами онкологии и патологической анатомии ИДПО, отдел химиотерапии

 Уфа 

Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Oncology with courses of Oncology and Pathological Anatomy for Advanced Professional Education, Chemotherapy Unit

 Ufa

kmenshikov80@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-5995СултанбаевА. В.SultanbaevA. V.

 к.м.н., отдел противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии

 Уфа 

 Cand. Sci. (Med.), Anticancer Drug Therapy Unit 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1185-977XМусинШ. И.MusinSh. I.

 к.м.н., хирургическое отделение № 6

 Уфа 

 Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgery Unit No. 6 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-0385РахматуллинаИ. Р.RakhmatullinaI. R.

 д.м.н., профессор, кафедра онкологии с курсами онкологии и патологической анатомии ИДПО

 Уфа 

 Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Oncology with courses of Oncology and Pathological Anatomy for Advanced Professional Education 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-8895МеньшиковаИ. А.MenshikovaI. A.

 к.м.н., доцент, кафедра биологической химии

 Уфа 

 Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Biological Chemistry 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2006АбдеевР. Р.AbdeevR. R.

 к.м.н., хирургическое отделение № 1, orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2006 

 Уфа 

 Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgery Unit No. 1 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0446СултанбаеваН. И.SultanbaevaN. I.

отделение противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии № 1

 Уфа 

 Anticancer Drug Therapy Unit No. 1 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-759XПоповаЕ. В.PopovaE. V.

 отделение амбулаторной противоопухолевой лекарственнойтерапии

 Уфа 

 Outpatient Anticancer Drug Therapy Unit 

 Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-0085СеребренниковГ. А.SerebrennikovG. A.

 кафедра онкологии с курсами онкологии и патологической анатомии ИДПО

 Уфа 

 Department of Oncology with courses of Oncology and Pathological Anatomy for Advanced Professional Education 

 Ufa

Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер; Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRepublican Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Bashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationРеспубликанский клинический онкологический диспансерРоссияRepublican Clinical Oncology DispensaryRussian FederationБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202215072022122139150Copyright © Меньшиков К.В., Султанбаев А.В., Мусин Ш.И., Рахматуллина И.Р., Меньшикова И.А., Абдеев Р.Р., Султанбаева Н.И., Попова Е.В., Серебренников Г.А., 20222022Меньшиков К.В., Султанбаев А.В., Мусин Ш.И., Рахматуллина И.Р., Меньшикова И.А., Абдеев Р.Р., Султанбаева Н.И., Попова Е.В., Серебренников Г.А.Menshikov K.V., Sultanbaev A.V., Musin S.I., Rakhmatullina I.R., Menshikova I.A., Abdeev R.R., Sultanbaeva N.I., Popova E.V., Serebrennikov G.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/695

Рак печени остается глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, и заболеваемость этой патологией имеет тенденцию к росту во всем мире. По оценкам разных авторов к 2025 году будет выявляться ежегодно более 1 миллиона пациентов с диагнозом «рак печени». Молекулярный патогенез гепатоцеллюлярной карциномы (ГЦК) варьирует в зависимости от различных генотоксических поражений и этиологии. Хотя наши представления о патофизиологии и драйверах ГЦК имеют тенденцию к улучшению, эти понимания еще далеки для воплощения в клиническую практику. Примерно 25 % случаев ГЦК связаны с различными мутациями. Патофизиология ГЦК представляет собой сложный многоэтапный процесс. Взаимодействие различных факторов лежит в основе ранних стадий злокачественной трансформации гепатоцитов и развитии ГЦК. В целом только примерно 20–25 % пациентов с ГЦК имеют как минимум одну потенциальную драйверную мутацию. Также следует отметить, что ожирение связано с повышенным риском развития ГЦК и рака во многих органах. Несмотря на многие уже известные моменты в патогенезе развития ГЦК, еще остаются нерешенные вопросы. Современные возможности молекулярно-генетической диагностики и моделирование злокачественных опухолей на животных позволяют расширить горизонты знаний в этой области.

Liver cancer remains a global challenge of healthcare, with the incidence growing worldwide. According to various authors, over 1 million patients will be diagnosed with liver cancer each year by 2025. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies with respect to genotoxic lesions and aetiologies. Although our understanding of the HCC pathophysiology and drivers tends to improve, it is still distant from translation into clinical practice. About 25 % of HCC cases are associated with variant mutations. HCC pathophysiology is a complex multi-step process. The interaction of various factors underlies the early stages of malignant hepatocyte transformation towards the development of HCC. Overall, about 20–25 % of HCC patients have at least one potential driver mutation. Obesity should also be noted as being associated with a higher risk of HCC and various other cancers. Despite many issues in the HCC pathogenesis being already known, the unresolved questions remain. Modern molecular genetic diagnostics and animal modelling of malignant tumours are expanding our horizons of knowledge in this field.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.