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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">surgonco</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Креативная хирургия и онкология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creative surgery and oncology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-3093</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2307-0501</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24060/2076-3093-2022-12-2-159-163</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">surgonco-697</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром Николау: некротическая активность лекарств и способы предотвращения постинъекционных абсцессов (в память о профессоре Ласло Гемзе)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nikolau Syndrome: Necrotic Activity of Drugs and Ways to Prevent Post-Injection Abscesses (In memory of Professor László A Gömze)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-9463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ураков</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urakov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, кафедра общей и клинической фармакологии</p><p> Ижевск </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology </p><p>Izhevsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">urakoval@live.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ижевская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izhevsk State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ураков А.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ураков А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Urakov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/697">https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/697</self-uri><abstract><p>Постинъекционный абсцесс, являющийся печальным финалом синдрома Николау, продолжает привлекать внимание исследователей из-за необходимости выяснения причин развития этой ятрогенной болезни для разработки эффективных мер ее профилактики. Многие годы исследователи всего мира с разных сторон пытались объяснить механизм действия лекарств, вызывающих постинъекционный болевой синдром, инфильтрацию, воспаление, эритематозное повреждение кожи, некроз и абсцесс (Nicolau syndrome), но безуспешно. Это удалось сделать лишь в последние годы. В России удалось обнаружить, что лекарства, считающиеся сегодня качественными, в некоторых случаях помимо специфической фармакологической активности могут обладать некротической активностью неспецифического характера действия. Было показано, что по сложившейся фармацевтической практике и в полном соответствии с фармакопейными требованиями, предъявляемыми к качеству лекарств, лекарственные средства, произведенные разными фармацевтическими компаниями, а также входящие в состав разных серий одной фармакомпании, могут иметь разные составы (рецептуры), содержать разные ингредиенты, поэтому могут иметь разные физико-химические свойства. В связи с этим лекарства разных номеров серий и/или разных производителей, считающиеся сегодня качественными, могут являться гипертоническими растворами, обладать закисляющей или защелачивающей активностью, иметь в своем составе спирты, альдегиды и соли тяжелых металлов в денатурирующих концентрациях. Именно это является причиной того, что в некоторых случаях лекарства имеют некротическую (прижигающую) активность. В связи с этим для профилактики синдрома Николау предлагается уменьшать физико-химическую агрессивность лекарств. Сегодня это успешно можно сделать с помощью их разведения водой для инъекции в 2–8 раз перед инъекцией.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Post-injection abscess, which is the sad finale of Nicolau syndrome, continues to attract the attention of researchers due to the need to clarify the causes of this iatrogenic disease in order to develop effective measures for its prevention. For many years, researchers from all over the world have tried from different perspectives to explain the mechanism of the drugs effect that causes post-injection pain syndrome, infiltration, inflammation, erimatous skin damage, necrosis and abscess (Nicolau syndrome), but to no avail. This has been done only in recent years. There are findings in Russia that show that drugs considered to be of high quality today, in some cases, in addition to specific pharmacological activity, may have necrotic activity of a non-specific nature of action. The findings showed that according to the established pharmaceutical practice and in full compliance with the pharmacopoeia requirements for the quality of medicines, pharmaceutical products produced by different pharmaceutical companies, as well as those included in different series of the same pharmaceutical company, may have different compositions (formulations), contain different ingredients, therefore they may have different physico-chemical properties. In this regard, drugs of different serial numbers and/or different manufacturers, which are considered high-quality today, can be hypertonic solutions, have acidifying or alkalizing activity, have alcohols, aldehydes and heavy metal salts in denaturing concentrations. This is the reason that in some cases drugs have necrotic (cauterizing) activity. In this regard, to prevent Nicolau syndrome, it is proposed to reduce the physico-chemical aggressiveness of drugs. Today, this can be done successfully by diluting them with water for injection 2 to 8 times before injection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром Николау</kwd><kwd>лекарственная ятрогения</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>инфильтрация</kwd><kwd>некроз</kwd><kwd>постинъекционный абсцесс</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>качество лекарств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Nicolau syndrome</kwd><kwd>medicinal iatrogenism</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>infiltration</kwd><kwd>necrosis</kwd><kwd>post-injection abscess</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>drugs quality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bin.du S., Mazumder S., Bandyopadhyay U. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: A current perspective. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020;180:114147. 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