surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2023-13-3-221-228surgonco-831Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSПредикторы первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований. Обзор литературыPredictors of Multiple Primary Malignancies: Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-5995СултанбаевА. В.SultanbaevA. V.

Султанбаев Александр Валерьевич - к.м.н., отдел противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Alexander V. Sultanbaev - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Anticancer Drug Therapy Unit

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-2779МеньшиковК. В.MenshikovK. V.

Меньшиков Константин Викторович - к.м.н., доцент, кафедра онкологии с курсами онкологии и патологической анатомии ИДПО, отдел химиотерапи 

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Konstantin V. Menshikov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Oncology with Courses of Oncology and Pathological Anatomy for Advanced Professional Education, Chemotherapy Unit

Ufa

kmenshikov80@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1185-977XМусинШ. И.MusinSh. I.

Мусин Шамиль Исмагилович - к.м.н., хирургическое отделение № 6

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Shamil I. Musin - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Surgery Unit No. 6

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-9243ИзмайловА. А.IzmailovA. A.

Измайлов Адель Альбертович - д.м.н.

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Adel A. Izmailov - Dr. Sci. (Med.),

Ufa

МеньшиковаИ. А.MenshikovaI. A.

Меньшикова Ирина Асхатовна - к.м.н., доцент, кафедра биологической химии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Irina A. Menshikova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Biological Chemistry

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-0446СултанбаеваН. И.SultanbaevaN. I.

Султанбаева Надежда Ивановна - отделение противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии № 1

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Nadezhda I. Sultanbaeva - Anticancer Drug Therapy Unit No. 1

Ufa

Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансерРоссияRepublican Clinical Oncology DispensaryRussian FederationРеспубликанский клинический онкологический диспансер; Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияRepublican Clinical Oncology Dispensary; Bashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202305102023133221228Copyright © Султанбаев А.В., Меньшиков К.В., Мусин Ш.И., Измайлов А.А., Меньшикова И.А., Султанбаева Н.И., 20232023Султанбаев А.В., Меньшиков К.В., Мусин Ш.И., Измайлов А.А., Меньшикова И.А., Султанбаева Н.И.Sultanbaev A.V., Menshikov K.V., Musin S.I., Izmailov A.A., Menshikova I.A., Sultanbaeva N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/831

В статье рассмотрены предикторы первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований. Причинами первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований часто являются наличие генетической предрасположенности и семейные раковые синдромы, канцерогены окружающей среды и вредные привычки (например, табак, употребление алкоголя), наличие иммунодефицита и инфекционные заболевания, канцерогены, формирующиеся при применении различных методов лечения и т.д. Одной из причин возникновения первичного рака являются герминальные мутации, которые повышают риск развития различных первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований. Для наследственного рака характерен отягощенный семейный анамнез, ранний возраст начала и появление первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований. В статье рассмотрены различные механизмы развития первично-множественных злокачественных новообразований, особый акцент сделан на влияние канцерогенов у носителей патогенных генов, способствующих развитию рака. При воздействии на пациента множества канцерогенов важно, чтобы пациенты с уже установленным диагнозом имели информацию о возможных поздних и долгосрочных последствиях лечения и их симптомах, а также о возможном возникновении вторых злокачественных новообразований. Если основные предикторы канцерогенеза управляемы и можно проводить первичные профилактические мероприятия, то по отношению к наследственным злокачественным новообразованиям важное значение имеет вторичная профилактика. В дополнение к рекомендациям, которые специфичны для профилактики первичного рака, важно следовать рекомендациям по профилактике второго первичного рака.

The present paper considers the predictors of multiple primary malignancies. The multiple primary malignancies are often induced by genetic predisposition and familial cancer syndromes, environmental carcinogens and bad habits (e.g. tobacco and alcohol abuse), immunodeficiency and infectious diseases, carcinogens occurring as a result of various treatments, etc. Germinal mutations are considered to be one of the causes of primary cancer — they increase the risk of various multiple primary malignancies. Hereditary cancers are characterized by a strong family history, early age of onset and occurrence of multiple primary malignancies. The paper considers various mechanisms of multiple primary malignancies with an emphasis on the effect of carcinogens in carriers of pathogenic genes on cancer development. In proven cases, when patients are exposed to multiple carcinogens, they should be aware of possible late and long-term effects of treatment and their symptoms, as well as secondary malignancies that might occur. When the main predictors of carcinogenesis are manageable, and primary preventive measures can be taken, the hereditary malignancies require postexposure prophylaxis. In addition to specific recommendations for the prevention of primary cancers, it is essential to follow recommendations for the prevention of second primary cancers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.