surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2023-13-4-320-329surgonco-864Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSЦиркулярные РНК при раке шейки матки: какие перспективы?Circular RNAs in Cervical Cancer: What are the Prospects?БеглярзадеС. А.BegliarzadeS. A.

Беглярзаде Сема Арзуман кызы — аспирант, кафедра онкологии, радиологии и радиотерапии

Тюмень

Sema A. Begliarzade — Postgraduate Student, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Radiotheraph

Tyumen

semanagiyeva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-6971ТамразовР. И.TamrazovR. I.

Тамразов Расим Ильхам оглы — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра онкологии, радиологии и радиотерапии

Тюмень

Rasim I. Tamrazov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of  Oncology, Radiology and Radiotheraphy

Tyumen

Тюменский государственный медицинский университетРоссияTyumen State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202320122023134320329Copyright © Беглярзаде С.А., Тамразов Р.И., 20232023Беглярзаде С.А., Тамразов Р.И.Begliarzade S.A., Tamrazov R.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/864

Рак шейки матки (РШМ) остается актуальной глобальной проблемой здравоохранения, создавая значительное бремя для здоровья женщин во всем мире. Учитывая высокую заболеваемость и высокий уровень смертности, РШМ требует продолжения исследовательских усилий, чтобы разгадать лежащие в его основе молекулярные механизмы и определить новые стратегии диагностики и лечения. Недавние достижения в области некодирующих РНК открыли новые возможности для исследований, и среди них появились циркулярные РНК (циркРНК) как молекулы, играющие многогранную роль в клеточных процессах. Исследование циркРНК выявило их уникальную структуру, характеризующуюся ковалентным образованием замкнутой петли, что отличает их от их линейных аналогов. Эти циркРНК участвуют в регулировании различных аспектов клеточной физиологии, уделяя особое внимание росту и развитию клеток. Интересно, что циркРНК обладают контекстно-зависимыми функциями, действуя как в качестве промоторов, так и в качестве ингибиторов онкогенных процессов, в зависимости от сложной клеточной среды, в которой они действуют. Недавние исследования выявили аберрантные паттерны экспрессии циркРНК в контексте РШМ, что предполагает их ключевую роль в развитии заболевания. Различные профили экспрессии циркРНК, связанные с РШМ, открывают многообещающие возможности для раннего выявления, точной оценки прогноза и персонализированных стратегий лечения. В этом всестороннем обзоре мы приступаем к углубленному исследованию РШМ-ассоциированных циркРНК, выясняя их конкретные функции и проливая свет на сложные молекулярные механизмы, управляющие возникновением и прогрессированием РШМ. Растущее количество данных убедительно свидетельствует о том, что циркРНК могут служить неоценимыми биомаркерами для раннего выявления РШМ и многообещающими терапевтическими мишенями для вмешательства. Углубляясь в сложное взаимодействие между циркРНК и РШМ, мы прокладываем путь к инновационным и индивидуальным подходам в борьбе с этим серьезным заболеванием, в итоге стремясь уменьшить его влияние на здоровье женщин во всем мире и улучшить результаты лечения пациентов. По мере того как мы продолжаем разгадывать тайны циркРНК в контексте РШМ, перспективы прорыва в диагностике и лечении становятся все более многообещающими.

C ervical cancer remains a pressing global health problem, creating a significant health burden for women worldwide. High incidence and mortality rates necessitate further research to unravel its underlying molecular mechanisms and identify new diagnostic and treatment strategies. Recent advances in non-coding RNAs have opened up new avenues for research, including circular RNAs (circRNAs) as molecules that play a multifaceted role in cellular processes. Research into circRNAs revealed their unique structure, characterized by the covalent formation of a closed loop, thereby distinguishing them from their linear counterparts. These circRNAs are involved in regulating various aspects of cell physiology with a particular focus on cell growth and development. Interestingly, circRNAs have context-dependent functions, acting both as promoters and inhibitors of oncogenic processes, depending on the complex cellular environment in which they operate. Recent studies have identified aberrant expression patterns of circRNAs in the context of cervical cancer, implying their key role in the disease development. The different expression profiles of circRNAs associated with cervical cancer offer promising opportunities for early detection, accurate prognosis assessment, and personalized treatment strategies. The presented comprehensive review offers an in-depth study of cervical cancer-associated circRNAs, their specific functions and complex molecular mechanisms driving the onset and progression of cervical cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs can serve as invaluable biomarkers for early detection of cervical cancer and promising therapeutic targets for intervention. Delving into the complex interaction between circRNAs and cervical cancer paves the way for innovative and personalized approaches to combat this serious disease, aiming at reducing its impact on women’s health worldwide and improve patient outcomes. Unraveling the mysteries of circRNAs in the context of cervical cancer makes the prospects for a breakthrough in its diagnosis and treatment more promising.

циркулярная РНКциркРНКрак шейки маткибиомаркерыфизиологические функциибиогенезвирус папилломы человекаРНК-связывающий белокcircular RNAcircRNAcervical cancerbiomarkersphysiological functionsbiogenesishuman papillomavirusRNA-binding proteinReferencesPimple S.A., Mishra G.A. Global strategies for cervical cancer prevention and screening. Minerva Ginecol. 2019;71(4):313–20. DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.19.04397-1Pimple S.A., Mishra G.A. Global strategies for cervical cancer prevention and screening. Minerva Ginecol. 2019;71(4):313–20. DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4784.19.04397-1Perkins R.B., Wentzensen N., Guido R.S., Schiffman M. Cervical cancer screening: a review. JAMA. 2023;330(6):547–58. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.13174Perkins R.B., Wentzensen N., Guido R.S., Schiffman M. Cervical cancer screening: a review. JAMA. 2023;330(6):547–58. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.13174Aballéa S., Beck E., Cheng X., Demarteau N., Li X., Ma F., et al. Risk factors for cervical cancer in women in China: A metamodel. Womens Health (Lond). 2020;16:1745506520940875. DOI: 10.1177/1745506520940875Aballéa S., Beck E., Cheng X., Demarteau N., Li X., Ma F., et al. Risk factors for cervical cancer in women in China: A metamodel. Womens Health (Lond). 2020;16:1745506520940875. DOI: 10.1177/1745506520940875Kumar L., Harish P., Malik P.S., Khurana S. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy in the management of cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer. 2018;42(2):120–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.016Kumar L., Harish P., Malik P.S., Khurana S. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy in the management of cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer. 2018;42(2):120–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.016Kumar L, Upadhyay A, Jayaraj AS. Chemotherapy and immune check point inhibitors in the management of cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer. 2022 Dec;46(6):100900. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100900.Kumar L, Upadhyay A, Jayaraj AS. Chemotherapy and immune check point inhibitors in the management of cervical cancer. Curr Probl Cancer. 2022 Dec;46(6):100900. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100900.Buskwofie A., David-West G., Clare C.A. A review of cervical cancer: incidence and disparities. J Natl Med Assoc. 2020;12(2):229–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.002Buskwofie A., David-West G., Clare C.A. A review of cervical cancer: incidence and disparities. J Natl Med Assoc. 2020;12(2):229–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.03.002Toden S., Zumwalt T.J., Goel A. Non-coding RNAs and potential therapeutic targeting in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021;1875(1):188491. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188491Toden S., Zumwalt T.J., Goel A. Non-coding RNAs and potential therapeutic targeting in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2021;1875(1):188491. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188491Gareev I., Gileva Y., Dzidzaria A., Beylerli O., Pavlov V., Agaverdiev M., et al. Long non-coding RNAs in oncourology. Noncoding RNA Res. 2021;6(3):139–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.08.001Gareev I., Gileva Y., Dzidzaria A., Beylerli O., Pavlov V., Agaverdiev M., et al. Long non-coding RNAs in oncourology. Noncoding RNA Res. 2021;6(3):139–45. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.08.001Li B., Li Y., Hu L., Liu Y., Zhou Q., Wang M., et al. Role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2020;13(4):572–83. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09912-2Li B., Li Y., Hu L., Liu Y., Zhou Q., Wang M., et al. Role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2020;13(4):572–83. DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09912-2Li Y., Gao X., Yang C., Yan H., Li C. CircRNA hsa_circ_0018289 exerts an oncogenic role in cervical cancer progression through miR-1294/ICMT axis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(5):e24348. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24348Li Y., Gao X., Yang C., Yan H., Li C. CircRNA hsa_circ_0018289 exerts an oncogenic role in cervical cancer progression through miR-1294/ICMT axis. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(5):e24348. DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24348Ma H.B., Yao Y.N., Yu J.J., Chen X.X., Li H.F. Extensive profiling of circular RNAs and the potential regulatory role of circRNA-000284 in cell proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer via sponging miR-506. Am J Transl Res. 2018;10(2):592–604. PMID: 29511454Ma H.B., Yao Y.N., Yu J.J., Chen X.X., Li H.F. Extensive profiling of circular RNAs and the potential regulatory role of circRNA-000284 in cell proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer via sponging miR-506. Am J Transl Res. 2018;10(2):592–604. PMID: 29511454Zhou W.Y., Cai Z.R., Liu J., Wang D.S., Ju H.Q., Xu R.H. Circular RNA: metabolism, functions and interactions with proteins. Mol Cancer. 2020;19(1):172. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01286-3Zhou W.Y., Cai Z.R., Liu J., Wang D.S., Ju H.Q., Xu R.H. Circular RNA: metabolism, functions and interactions with proteins. Mol Cancer. 2020;19(1):172. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01286-3Liang D., Wilusz J.E. Short intronic repeat sequences facilitate circular RNA production. Genes Dev. 2014;28(20):2233–47. DOI: 10.1101/gad.251926.114Liang D., Wilusz J.E. Short intronic repeat sequences facilitate circular RNA production. Genes Dev. 2014;28(20):2233–47. DOI: 10.1101/gad.251926.114Chen C.K., Cheng R., Demeter J., Chen J., Weingarten-Gabbay S., Jiang L., et al. Structured elements drive extensive circular RNA translation. Mol Cell. 2021;81(20):4300–18.e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.042Chen C.K., Cheng R., Demeter J., Chen J., Weingarten-Gabbay S., Jiang L., et al. Structured elements drive extensive circular RNA translation. Mol Cell. 2021;81(20):4300–18.e13. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.042Misir S., Wu N., Yang B.B. Specific expression and functions of circular RNAs. Cell Death Differ. 2022;29(3):481–91. DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00948-7Misir S., Wu N., Yang B.B. Specific expression and functions of circular RNAs. Cell Death Differ. 2022;29(3):481–91. DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00948-7Kristensen L.S., Andersen M.S., Stagsted L.V.W., Ebbesen K.K., Hansen T.B., Kjems J. The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(11):675–91. DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7Kristensen L.S., Andersen M.S., Stagsted L.V.W., Ebbesen K.K., Hansen T.B., Kjems J. The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20(11):675–91. DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7Kristensen L.S., Jakobsen T., Hager H., Kjems J. The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(3):188–206. DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00585-yKristensen L.S., Jakobsen T., Hager H., Kjems J. The emerging roles of circRNAs in cancer and oncology. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19(3):188–206. DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00585-yLi F., Yang Q., He A.T., Yang B.B. Circular RNAs in cancer: Limitations in functional studies and diagnostic potential. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;75:49–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.002Li F., Yang Q., He A.T., Yang B.B. Circular RNAs in cancer: Limitations in functional studies and diagnostic potential. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;75:49–61. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.002Beilerli A., Gareev I., Beylerli O., Yang G., Pavlov V., Aliev G., et al. Circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;83:242–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.026Beilerli A., Gareev I., Beylerli O., Yang G., Pavlov V., Aliev G., et al. Circular RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022;83:242–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.026Zang J., Lu D., Xu A. The interaction of circRNAs and RNA binding proteins: An important part of circRNA maintenance and function. J Neurosci Res. 2020;98(1):87–97. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24356Zang J., Lu D., Xu A. The interaction of circRNAs and RNA binding proteins: An important part of circRNA maintenance and function. J Neurosci Res. 2020;98(1):87–97. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24356Qu S., Yang X., Li X., Wang J., Gao Y., Shang R., et al. Circular RNA: A new star of noncoding RNAs. Cancer Lett. 2015;365(2):141–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.003Qu S., Yang X., Li X., Wang J., Gao Y., Shang R., et al. Circular RNA: A new star of noncoding RNAs. Cancer Lett. 2015;365(2):141–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.003Rogalska M.E., Vivori C., Valcárcel J. Regulation of pre-mRNA splicing: roles in physiology and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Nat Rev Genet. 2023;24(4):251–69. DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00556-8Rogalska M.E., Vivori C., Valcárcel J. Regulation of pre-mRNA splicing: roles in physiology and disease, and therapeutic prospects. Nat Rev Genet. 2023;24(4):251–69. DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00556-8Zheng S., Gu T., Bao X., Sun J., Zhao J., Zhang T., et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0014243 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for essential hypertension. Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(3):1728–36. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7107Zheng S., Gu T., Bao X., Sun J., Zhao J., Zhang T., et al. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0014243 may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for essential hypertension. Exp Ther Med. 2019;17(3):1728–36. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7107Ye Y.L., Yin J., Hu T., Zhang L.P., Wu L.Y., Pang Z. Increased circulating circular RNA_103516 is a novel biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease in adult patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(41):6273–88. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i41.6273Ye Y.L., Yin J., Hu T., Zhang L.P., Wu L.Y., Pang Z. Increased circulating circular RNA_103516 is a novel biomarker for inflammatory bowel disease in adult patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(41):6273–88. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i41.6273Lei M., Zheng G., Ning Q., Zheng J., Dong D. Translation and functional roles of circular RNAs in human cancer. Mol Cancer. 2020;19(1):30. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1135-7Lei M., Zheng G., Ning Q., Zheng J., Dong D. Translation and functional roles of circular RNAs in human cancer. Mol Cancer. 2020;19(1):30. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-1135-7Chen L., Shan G. CircRNA in cancer: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Cancer Lett. 2021;505:49–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.004Chen L., Shan G. CircRNA in cancer: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Cancer Lett. 2021;505:49–57. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.004Fasolo F., Di Gregoli K., Maegdefessel L., Johnson J.L. Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular cell biology and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115(12):1732–56. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz203Fasolo F., Di Gregoli K., Maegdefessel L., Johnson J.L. Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular cell biology and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115(12):1732–56. DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz203Beilerli A., Begliarzade S., Sufianov A., Ilyasova T., Liang Y., Beylerli O. Circulating ciRS-7 as a potential non-invasive biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer: An investigative study. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;7(3):197–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.004Beilerli A., Begliarzade S., Sufianov A., Ilyasova T., Liang Y., Beylerli O. Circulating ciRS-7 as a potential non-invasive biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer: An investigative study. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;7(3):197–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.004Hao Z., Yang J., Wang C., Li Y., Zhang Y., Dong X., et al. MicroRNA-7 inhibits metastasis and invasion through targeting focal adhesion kinase in cervical cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(1):480–7. PMID: 25785020Hao Z., Yang J., Wang C., Li Y., Zhang Y., Dong X., et al. MicroRNA-7 inhibits metastasis and invasion through targeting focal adhesion kinase in cervical cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(1):480–7. PMID: 25785020Zhou X., Chen J., Tang W. The molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2014;46(12):1011–5. DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu104Zhou X., Chen J., Tang W. The molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2014;46(12):1011–5. DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu104Suto T., Yokobori T., Yajima R., Morita H., Fujii T., Yamaguchi S., et al. MicroRNA-7 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with poor prognosis and regulates cetuximab sensitivity via EGFR regulation. Carcinogenesis. 2015;36(3):338–45. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu242Suto T., Yokobori T., Yajima R., Morita H., Fujii T., Yamaguchi S., et al. MicroRNA-7 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with poor prognosis and regulates cetuximab sensitivity via EGFR regulation. Carcinogenesis. 2015;36(3):338–45. DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu242Li Y., Zheng F., Xiao X., Xie F., Tao D., Huang C., et al. CircHIPK3 sponges miR-558 to suppress heparanase expression in bladder cancer cells. EMBO Rep. 2022;23(11):e56102. DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256102Li Y., Zheng F., Xiao X., Xie F., Tao D., Huang C., et al. CircHIPK3 sponges miR-558 to suppress heparanase expression in bladder cancer cells. EMBO Rep. 2022;23(11):e56102. DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256102Xiao-Long M., Kun-Peng Z., Chun-Lin Z. Circular RNA circ_HIPK3 is down-regulated and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in osteosarcoma. J Cancer. 2018;9(10):1856–62. DOI: 10.7150/jca.24619Xiao-Long M., Kun-Peng Z., Chun-Lin Z. Circular RNA circ_HIPK3 is down-regulated and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in osteosarcoma. J Cancer. 2018;9(10):1856–62. DOI: 10.7150/jca.24619Chen X., Mao R., Su W., Yang X., Geng Q., Guo C., et al. Circular RNA circHIPK3 modulates autophagy via MIR124-3p-STAT3-PRKAA/AMPKα signaling in STK11 mutant lung cancer. Autophagy. 2020;16(4):659–71. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1634945Chen X., Mao R., Su W., Yang X., Geng Q., Guo C., et al. Circular RNA circHIPK3 modulates autophagy via MIR124-3p-STAT3-PRKAA/AMPKα signaling in STK11 mutant lung cancer. Autophagy. 2020;16(4):659–71. DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1634945Wen J., Liao J., Liang J., Chen X.P., Zhang B., Chu L. Circular RNA HIPK3: A Key Circular RNA in a Variety of Human Cancers. Front Oncol. 2020;10:773. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00773Wen J., Liao J., Liang J., Chen X.P., Zhang B., Chu L. Circular RNA HIPK3: A Key Circular RNA in a Variety of Human Cancers. Front Oncol. 2020;10:773. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00773Shen Z., Zhou L., Zhang C., Xu J. Reduction of circular RNA Foxo3 promotes prostate cancer progression and chemoresistance to docetaxel. Cancer Lett. 2020;468:88–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.006Shen Z., Zhou L., Zhang C., Xu J. Reduction of circular RNA Foxo3 promotes prostate cancer progression and chemoresistance to docetaxel. Cancer Lett. 2020;468:88–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.006Yang T., Li Y., Zhao F., Zhou L., Jia R. Circular RNA Foxo3: a promising cancer-associated biomarker. Front Genet. 2021;12:652995. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652995Yang T., Li Y., Zhao F., Zhou L., Jia R. Circular RNA Foxo3: a promising cancer-associated biomarker. Front Genet. 2021;12:652995. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652995Yu T., Wang Y., Fan Y., Fang N., Wang T., Xu T., et al. CircRNAs in cancer metabolism: a review. J Hematol Oncol. 2019;12(1):90. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0776-8Yu T., Wang Y., Fan Y., Fang N., Wang T., Xu T., et al. CircRNAs in cancer metabolism: a review. J Hematol Oncol. 2019;12(1):90. DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0776-8Wang J., Zhu S., Meng N., He Y., Lu R., Yan G.R. ncRNA-Encoded peptides or proteins and cancer. Mol Ther. 2019;27(10):1718–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.001Wang J., Zhu S., Meng N., He Y., Lu R., Yan G.R. ncRNA-Encoded peptides or proteins and cancer. Mol Ther. 2019;27(10):1718–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.001Bose R., Ain R. Regulation of transcription by circular RNAs. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1087:81–94. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_7Bose R., Ain R. Regulation of transcription by circular RNAs. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1087:81–94. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_7Li L., Li W., Chen N., Zhao H., Xu G., Zhao Y., et al. FLI1 exonic circular RNAs as a novel oncogenic driver to promote tumor metastasis in small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(4):1302–17. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1447Li L., Li W., Chen N., Zhao H., Xu G., Zhao Y., et al. FLI1 exonic circular RNAs as a novel oncogenic driver to promote tumor metastasis in small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(4):1302–17. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-1447Wilson J.E., Pestova T.V., Hellen C.U., Sarnow P. Initiation of protein synthesis from the A site of the ribosome. Cell. 2000;102(4):511–20. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00055-6Wilson J.E., Pestova T.V., Hellen C.U., Sarnow P. Initiation of protein synthesis from the A site of the ribosome. Cell. 2000;102(4):511–20. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00055-6Greco S., Cardinali B., Falcone G., Martelli F. Circular RNAs in muscle function and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3454. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113454Greco S., Cardinali B., Falcone G., Martelli F. Circular RNAs in muscle function and disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(11):3454. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113454Zhang M., Huang N., Yang X., Luo J., Yan S., Xiao F., et al. A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2018;37(13):1805–14. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0019-9Zhang M., Huang N., Yang X., Luo J., Yan S., Xiao F., et al. A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 2018;37(13):1805–14. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0019-9Begum S., Yiu A., Stebbing J., Castellano L. Novel tumour suppressive protein encoded by circular RNA, circ-SHPRH, in glioblastomas. Oncogene. 2018;37(30):4055–57. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0230-3Begum S., Yiu A., Stebbing J., Castellano L. Novel tumour suppressive protein encoded by circular RNA, circ-SHPRH, in glioblastomas. Oncogene. 2018;37(30):4055–57. DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0230-3Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660Sung H., Ferlay J., Siegel R.L., Laversanne M., Soerjomataram I., Jemal A., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660Arbyn M., Ronco G., Anttila A., Meijer C.J., Poljak M., Ogilvie G., et al. Evidence regarding human papillomavirus testing in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 5:F88–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.095Arbyn M., Ronco G., Anttila A., Meijer C.J., Poljak M., Ogilvie G., et al. Evidence regarding human papillomavirus testing in secondary prevention of cervical cancer. Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 5:F88–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.095Ergünay K., Misirlioğlu M., Firat P., Tuncer Z.S., Tuncer S., Yildiz I., et al. Detection and typing of human papilloma virus by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization assay in cervical samples with cytological abnormalities. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008;42(2):273–82.Ergünay K., Misirlioğlu M., Firat P., Tuncer Z.S., Tuncer S., Yildiz I., et al. Detection and typing of human papilloma virus by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization assay in cervical samples with cytological abnormalities. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2008;42(2):273–82.Fontham E.T.H., Wolf A.M.D., Church T.R., Etzioni R., Flowers C.R., et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(5):321–46. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21628Fontham E.T.H., Wolf A.M.D., Church T.R., Etzioni R., Flowers C.R., et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(5):321–46. DOI: 10.3322/caac.21628Bhattacharjee R., Das S.S., Biswal S.S., Nath A., Das D., Basu A., et al. Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022;174:103675. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103675Bhattacharjee R., Das S.S., Biswal S.S., Nath A., Das D., Basu A., et al. Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022;174:103675. DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103675Li Z., Ruan Y., Zhang H., Shen Y., Li T., Xiao B. Tumor-suppressive circular RNAs: Mechanisms underlying their suppression of tumor occurrence and use as therapeutic targets. Cancer Sci. 2019;110(12):3630–8. DOI: 10.1111/cas.14211Li Z., Ruan Y., Zhang H., Shen Y., Li T., Xiao B. Tumor-suppressive circular RNAs: Mechanisms underlying their suppression of tumor occurrence and use as therapeutic targets. Cancer Sci. 2019;110(12):3630–8. DOI: 10.1111/cas.14211Xue C., Wei J., Li M., Chen S., Zheng L., Zhan Y., et al. The emerging roles and clinical potential of circSMARCA5 in cancer. Cells. 2022;11(19):3074. DOI: 10.3390/cells11193074Xue C., Wei J., Li M., Chen S., Zheng L., Zhan Y., et al. The emerging roles and clinical potential of circSMARCA5 in cancer. Cells. 2022;11(19):3074. DOI: 10.3390/cells11193074Zhang J., Zhao X., Zhang J., Zheng X., Li F. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0023404 exerts an oncogenic role in cervical cancer through regulating miR-136/TFCP2/YAP pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;501(2):428–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.006Zhang J., Zhao X., Zhang J., Zheng X., Li F. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0023404 exerts an oncogenic role in cervical cancer through regulating miR-136/TFCP2/YAP pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;501(2):428–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.006Yang W., Xie T. Hsa_circ_CSPP1/MiR-361-5p/ITGB1 regulates proliferation and migration of cervical cancer (CC) by modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Reprod Sci. 2020;27(1):132–44. DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00008-5Yang W., Xie T. Hsa_circ_CSPP1/MiR-361-5p/ITGB1 regulates proliferation and migration of cervical cancer (CC) by modulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Reprod Sci. 2020;27(1):132–44. DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00008-5Tornesello M.L., Faraonio R., Buonaguro L., Annunziata C., Starita N., Cerasuolo A., et al. The role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs in cervical cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:150. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00150Tornesello M.L., Faraonio R., Buonaguro L., Annunziata C., Starita N., Cerasuolo A., et al. The role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs in cervical cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:150. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00150Li M., Ren C.X., Zhang J.M., Xin X.Y., Hua T., Wang H.B., et al. The effects of miR-195-5p/MMP14 on proliferation and invasion of cervical carcinoma cells through TNF signaling pathway based on bioinformatics analysis of microarray profiling. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;50(4):1398–413. DOI: 10.1159/000494602Li M., Ren C.X., Zhang J.M., Xin X.Y., Hua T., Wang H.B., et al. The effects of miR-195-5p/MMP14 on proliferation and invasion of cervical carcinoma cells through TNF signaling pathway based on bioinformatics analysis of microarray profiling. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;50(4):1398–413. DOI: 10.1159/000494602Xu Y.J., Yu H., Liu G.X. Hsa_circ_0031288/hsa-miR-139-3p/Bcl-6 regulatory feedback circuit influences the invasion and migration of cervical cancer HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem. 2020;121(10):4251–60. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29650Xu Y.J., Yu H., Liu G.X. Hsa_circ_0031288/hsa-miR-139-3p/Bcl-6 regulatory feedback circuit influences the invasion and migration of cervical cancer HeLa cells. J Cell Biochem. 2020;121(10):4251–60. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29650Ma H., Tian T., Liu X., Xia M., Chen C., Mai L., et al. Upregulated circ_0005576 facilitates cervical cancer progression via the miR-153/KIF20A axis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;118:109311. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109311Ma H., Tian T., Liu X., Xia M., Chen C., Mai L., et al. Upregulated circ_0005576 facilitates cervical cancer progression via the miR-153/KIF20A axis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;118:109311. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109311Al-Hawary S.I.S., Asghar W., Amin A., Mustafa Y.F., Hjazi A., Almulla A.F., et al. Circ_0067934 as a novel therapeutic target in cancer: From mechanistic to clinical perspectives. Pathol Res Pract. 2023;245:154469. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154469Al-Hawary S.I.S., Asghar W., Amin A., Mustafa Y.F., Hjazi A., Almulla A.F., et al. Circ_0067934 as a novel therapeutic target in cancer: From mechanistic to clinical perspectives. Pathol Res Pract. 2023;245:154469. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154469Lin E., Liu S., Xiang W., Zhang H., Xie C. CircEIF4G2 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Progression of Osteosarcoma by Sponging miR-218. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8386936. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8386936Lin E., Liu S., Xiang W., Zhang H., Xie C. CircEIF4G2 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Progression of Osteosarcoma by Sponging miR-218. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8386936. DOI: 10.1155/2020/8386936Gandhi N.S., Tekade R.K., Chougule M.B. Nanocarrier mediated delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy: current progress and advances. J Control Release. 2014;194:238–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.001Gandhi N.S., Tekade R.K., Chougule M.B. Nanocarrier mediated delivery of siRNA/miRNA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy: current progress and advances. J Control Release. 2014;194:238–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.001Sadreddini S., Safaralizadeh R., Baradaran B., Aghebati-Maleki L., Hosseinpour-Feizi M.A., Shanehbandi D., et al. Chitosan nanoparticles as a dual drug/siRNA delivery system for treatment of colorectal cancer. Immunol Lett. 2017;181:79–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.013Sadreddini S., Safaralizadeh R., Baradaran B., Aghebati-Maleki L., Hosseinpour-Feizi M.A., Shanehbandi D., et al. Chitosan nanoparticles as a dual drug/siRNA delivery system for treatment of colorectal cancer. Immunol Lett. 2017;181:79–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.013Yang Y.C., Cai J., Yin J., Zhang J., Wang K.L., Zhang Z.T. Heparin-functionalized Pluronic nanoparticles to enhance the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib in gastric cancers. Carbohydr Polym. 2016;136:782–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.023Yang Y.C., Cai J., Yin J., Zhang J., Wang K.L., Zhang Z.T. Heparin-functionalized Pluronic nanoparticles to enhance the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib in gastric cancers. Carbohydr Polym. 2016;136:782–90. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.023Luo C.L., Liu Y.Q., Wang P., Song C.H., Wang K.J., Dai L.P., et al. The effect of quercetin nanoparticle on cervical cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via JAK2 suppression. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;82:595–605. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.029Luo C.L., Liu Y.Q., Wang P., Song C.H., Wang K.J., Dai L.P., et al. The effect of quercetin nanoparticle on cervical cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via JAK2 suppression. Biomed Pharmacother. 2016;82:595–605. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.029Men K., Duan X., He Z., Yang Y., Yao S., Wei Y. CRISPR/Cas9- mediated correction of human genetic disease. Sci China Life Sci. 2017;60(5):447–57. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9032-4Men K., Duan X., He Z., Yang Y., Yao S., Wei Y. CRISPR/Cas9- mediated correction of human genetic disease. Sci China Life Sci. 2017;60(5):447–57. DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9032-4Gampa S.C., Garimella S.V., Pandrangi S. Nano-TRAIL: a promising path to cancer therapy. Cancer Drug Resist. 2023;6(1):78–102. DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.82Gampa S.C., Garimella S.V., Pandrangi S. Nano-TRAIL: a promising path to cancer therapy. Cancer Drug Resist. 2023;6(1):78–102. DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.82Sufianov A., Begliarzade S., Beilerli A., Liang Y., Ilyasova T., Beylerli O. Circular RNAs as biomarkers for lung cancer. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;8(1):83–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.11.002Sufianov A., Begliarzade S., Beilerli A., Liang Y., Ilyasova T., Beylerli O. Circular RNAs as biomarkers for lung cancer. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;8(1):83–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.11.002Yao S., Yin Y., Jin G., Li D., Li M., Hu Y., et al. Exosome-mediated delivery of miR-204-5p inhibits tumor growth and chemoresistance. Cancer Med. 2020;9(16):5989–98. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3248Yao S., Yin Y., Jin G., Li D., Li M., Hu Y., et al. Exosome-mediated delivery of miR-204-5p inhibits tumor growth and chemoresistance. Cancer Med. 2020;9(16):5989–98. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3248Begliarzade S., Beilerli A., Sufianov A., Tamrazov R., Kudriashov V., Ilyasova T., et al. Long non-coding RNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer. Noncoding RNA Res. 2023;8(2):233–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.006Begliarzade S., Beilerli A., Sufianov A., Tamrazov R., Kudriashov V., Ilyasova T., et al. Long non-coding RNAs as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cervical cancer. Noncoding RNA Res. 2023;8(2):233–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.006Li Y., Gao X., Huang Y., Zhu X., Chen Y., Xue L., et al. Tumor microenvironment promotes lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer: its mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1114042. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114042Li Y., Gao X., Huang Y., Zhu X., Chen Y., Xue L., et al. Tumor microenvironment promotes lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer: its mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1114042. DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1114042Sufianov A., Begliarzade S., Kudriashov V., Beilerli A., Ilyasova T., Liang Y., et al. The role of circular RNAs in the pathophysiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;8(1):109–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.11.004Sufianov A., Begliarzade S., Kudriashov V., Beilerli A., Ilyasova T., Liang Y., et al. The role of circular RNAs in the pathophysiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res. 2022;8(1):109–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.11.004Preußer C., Hung L.H., Schneider T., Schreiner S., Hardt M., Moebus A., et al. Selective release of circRNAs in platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles. 2018;7(1):1424473. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018Preußer C., Hung L.H., Schneider T., Schreiner S., Hardt M., Moebus A., et al. Selective release of circRNAs in platelet-derived extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles. 2018;7(1):1424473. DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018Guo X., Gao C., Yang D.H., Li S. Exosomal circular RNAs: A chief culprit in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2023;67:100937. DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100937Guo X., Gao C., Yang D.H., Li S. Exosomal circular RNAs: A chief culprit in cancer chemotherapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat. 2023;67:100937. DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100937

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.