surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2024-14-1-42-51surgonco-915Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSБиопсия сигнального лимфатического узла при раке вульвы: возможности и перспективы. Обзор литературыSentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar Cancer. Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-2779МеньшиковК. В.MenshikovК. V.

Меньшиков Константин Викторович — к.м.н., кафедра онкологии и клинической морфологии, отдел химиотерапии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа 

Konstantin V. Menshikov — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Oncology and Clinical Morphology, Chemotherapy Unit

Ufa

kmenshikov88@bk.ruБашкирский государственный медицинский университет; Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансерРоссияBashkir State Medical University; Republican Clinical Oncology DispensaryRussian Federation2024180420241414251Copyright © Меньшиков К.В., 20242024Меньшиков К.В.Menshikov К.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/915

Рак вульвы является достаточно редкой патологией. Один из факторов агрессивного течения рака вульвы — высокий метастатический потенциал данной опухоли. Наличие метастазов в паховых лимфатических узлах является основным прогностическим фактором. Начиная с уровня инвазии 1 мм (FIGO IB) риск метастатического поражения лимфатических узлов возрастает до 35 %, и исследование лимфатических узлов имеет важное значение. До 1990 года пахово-бедренная лимфаденэктомия выполнялась в том числе и для оценки состояния паховых лимфатических узлов при раке вульвы. Пахово-бедренная лимфаденэктомия достаточно объемная операция и сопровождается большим количеством послеоперационных осложнений как в раннем, так и в отдаленном периоде. Исследование, посвященное роли биопсии сторожевого лимфатического узла, опубликовано в 2008 году. Van der Zee et al. привели важные данные, свидетельствующие о том, что концепция сторожевого лимфатического узла может быть безопасно применена у пациенток с раком вульвы. Оценка состояния сторожевого лимфатического узла при хирургическом лечении рака вульвы является неотъемлемым компонентом, позволяющим сократить объем оперативного вмешательства.

Vulvar cancer is a fairly rare pathology. One of the factors in its aggressive course is the high metastatic potential of such tumors. The presence of metastases in inguinal lymph nodes constitutes a major prognostic factor. Starting from a 1-mm depth of invasion (FIGO IB), the risk of metastatic lymph node involvement increases to 35%, which makes lymph node examination important. Until 1990, inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was performed, among other things, to assess the status of inguinal lymph nodes in vulvar cancer. Inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy constitutes a rather extensive operation that is accompanied by a large number of postoperative complications, both in the short- and long-term periods. A study on the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy was published in 2008. Van der Zee et al. provided important evidence that the sentinel lymph node concept can be safely applied in vulvar cancer patients. In the surgical treatment of vulvar cancer, it is essential to assess the sentinel lymph node status in order to reduce the extent of surgical intervention.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.