surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2024-14-2-163-173surgonco-953Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSМеханизмы метастазирования в позвоночник: новые перспективыMechanisms of Spinal Metastases: New Perspectiveshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5460БейлерлиО. А.BeylerliO. A.

Бейлерли Озал Арзуман оглы — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Ozal A. Beylerli — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher

Ufa

obeylerli@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0835ГареевИ. Ф.GareevI. F.

Гареев Ильгиз Фанилевич — к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Ilgiz F. Gareev — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-4897ПавловВ. Н.PavlovV. N.

Павлов Валентин Николаевич — д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, кафедра урологии

Республика Башкортостан, Уфа

Valentin N. Pavlov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Urology

Ufa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1241-3019МусаевЭ. Р.MusaevE. R.

Мусаев Эльмар Расим оглы — д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, кафедра онкологии

Москва

Elmar R. Musaev — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Oncology

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-508XЧмутинГ. Е.ChmutinG. E.

Чмутин Геннадий Егорович — д.м.н., профессор, кафедра нервных болезней и нейрохирургии им. Ю.С. Мартынова

Москва

Gennadiy E. Chmutin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Martynov Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-5922ВонгЧ.WangC.

Вонг Чунлеи — профессор, отделение нейрохирургии

Харбин

Chunlei Wang — Prof., Neurosurgery Unit

Harbin

Центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория, Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияCentral Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationБашкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationПервый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian FederationРоссийский университет дружбы народовРоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationПервый аффилированный госпиталь Харбинского медицинского университетаКитайFirst Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityChina202405072024142163173Copyright © Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Павлов В.Н., Мусаев Э.Р., Чмутин Г.Е., Вонг Ч., 20242024Бейлерли О.А., Гареев И.Ф., Павлов В.Н., Мусаев Э.Р., Чмутин Г.Е., Вонг Ч.Beylerli O.A., Gareev I.F., Pavlov V.N., Musaev E.R., Chmutin G.E., Wang C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/953

Метастазы являются ключевым механизмом распространения злокачественных опухолей, при котором клетки опухоли отделяются от первичного очага и формируют новые опухолевые узлы в различных частях организма. Костная ткань, включая позвоночник, часто поражается метастазами, что может значительно ухудшить прогноз и  качество жизни пациентов. Метастазирование представляет собой сложный многоэтапный процесс, в ходе которого клетки опухоли претерпевают молекулярные и фенотипические изменения, позволяющие им мигрировать и адаптироваться к новым условиям в организме. Костные метастазы могут быть остеолитическими, вызывающими разрушение костей, или остеобластными, стимулирующими избыточное формирование костной ткани. Опухолевые клетки, попадая в кость, активируют остеокласты или остеобласты, что приводит к перестройке костной ткани и образованию замкнутого цикла разрушения костей и роста опухоли. Особенности опухолевых клеток определяются их генетическими и эпигенетическими изменениями, а также взаимодействием с окружающей средой. Понимание молекулярных и патофизиологических аспектов метастазирования в позвоночнике играет ключевую роль в разработке эффективных методов лечения и улучшении подходов к терапии. В данной работе рассматриваются новые терапевтические подходы, направленные на преодоление метастазирования в позвоночник с целью улучшения прогноза и качества жизни пациентов.

Metastases are considered to be a key mechanism for the spread of malignant tumors, whereby tumor cells separate from the primary site and form new tumor nodes in various parts of the body. Bone tissue, including the spine, is often affected by metastases, which can significantly worsen the prognosis and quality of life of patients. Metastasis comprises a complex multistep process during which tumor cells undergo molecular and phenotypic changes enabling them to migrate and adapt to new conditions in the body. Bone metastases can be osteolytic, causing bone destruction, or osteoblastic, stimulating excessive bone formation. Tumor cells enter the bone and activate osteoclasts or osteoblasts, thereby leading to remodelling of bone tissue and formation of a closed cycle of bone destruction and tumor growth. The characteristics of tumor cells are determined by their genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as interaction with the environment. Understanding the molecular and pathophysiological aspects of spinal metastasis is essential to developing effective treatments and improving therapeutic approaches. The paper considers new therapeutic approaches aimed at overcoming spinal metastasis in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.