surgoncoКреативная хирургия и онкологияCreative surgery and oncology2076-30932307-0501Башкирский государственный медицинский университет10.24060/2076-3093-2024-14-3-264-274surgonco-990Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWГенетические изменения и метаболические основы рака почки: новые возможности для таргетной терапииGenetic Variation and Metabolic Basis of Kidney Cancer: New Opportunities for Targeted Therapyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-6625УрманцевМ. Ф.UrmantsevM. F.

Урманцев Марат Фаязович — к.м.н., доцент, кафедра урологии и онкологии

Уфа 

Marat F. Urmantsev — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Urology and Oncology

Ufa 

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2622-3672ТавабиловР. И.TavabilovR. I.

Тавабилов Радмир Ильдарович — ординатор, кафедра урологии и онкологии

Уфа

Radmir I. Tavabilov — Resident, Department of Urology and Oncology

Ufa 

tavabilov987@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4160-2820БакеевМ. Р.BakeevM. R.

Бакеев Марат Радикович — студент 6 курса 

Уфа

Marat R. Bakeev — 6th year Student 

Ufa 

Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202414102024143264274Copyright © Урманцев М.Ф., Тавабилов Р.И., Бакеев М.Р., 20242024Урманцев М.Ф., Тавабилов Р.И., Бакеев М.Р.Urmantsev M.F., Tavabilov R.I., Bakeev M.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.surgonco.ru/jour/article/view/990

Ранее предполагалось, что почечно­клеточный рак (ПКР) представляет собой единое заболевание. Однако на данный момент ПКР характеризуется как гетерогенная группа опухолей, различающихся по гистологическим особенностям, генетическим аномалиям и вариативному клиническому течению. В нормальных клетках энергия вырабатывается в результате расщепления химических связей в питательных веществах посредством окисления жиров, белков или углеводов. Мутационные изменения в генах, ассоциированных с ПКР, таких как VHL, FLCN, PTEN и SDH, приводят к нарушению клеточной адаптации и изменениям в кислородном статусе, железном обмене и питательных веществах. В данном обзоре представлены известные генетические аномалии, наблюдаемые при ПКР, и их влияние на метаболические перестройки. Понимание генетических и метаболических механизмов, лежащих в основе ПКР, имеет решающее значение для разработки эффективных методов лечения. Таргетная терапия, направленная на конкретные генетические аномалии или метаболические пути, может представлять собой перспективный подход к лечению ПКР. Кроме того, изучение метаболических основ ПКР может также привести к разработке новых биомаркеров для ранней диагностики и мониторинга заболевания. Также исследование роли генов VHL, FLCN, PTEN и SDH в развитии ПКР может предоставить ценную информацию о молекулярных механизмах, лежащих в основе этого заболевания. Это может привести к разработке новых стратегий лечения, направленных на восстановление нормальной функции этих генов или компенсацию их нарушений. В целом комплексный подход к изучению ПКР, включающий генетические, метаболические и клинические аспекты, может привести к разработке более эффективных методов лечения и улучшению прогноза для пациентов с этим заболеванием.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has previously been considered as a single disease. However, it is currently characterized as a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ in histological features, genetic abnormalities, and variable clinical course. In normal cells, energy is produced by the cleavage of chemical bonds in nutrients through the oxidation of fats, proteins, or carbohydrates. Mutational alterations in genes associated with RCC, including VHL, FLCN, PTEN and SDH, lead to abnormal cellular adaptation to changes in oxygen status, iron metabolism and nutrients. The present paper reviews the known genetic abnormalities observed in RCC and their impact on metabolic alterations. Understanding the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying RCC is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Targeting specific genetic abnormalities or metabolic pathways represents a promising approach to the RCC treatment. In addition, studies into the metabolic basis of RCC contribute to the development of new biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Moreover, investigating the role of VHL, FLCN, PTEN, and SDH genes in the development of RCC provides valuable information on the molecular mechanisms behind the disease. As a result, it may lead to the development of new treatment strategies aimed at restoring the normal function of these genes or compensating for their abnormalities. Overall, an integrated approach to the study of RCC that considers genetic, metabolic, and clinical aspects will ensure that more effective treatments are developed and prognosis for patients with this disease are improved.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.