Nanoparticles: a New Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Glial Tumours
https://doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-1-66-74
Abstract
Glial tumors, and in particular anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. Current treatment strategies are based on open surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, not a single one of these methods of treatment, alone or in combination, is effective in combating this disease, resulting in the average life expectancy following the diagnosis of under 15 months. Treatments are inefficient mainly due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that makes the delivery of drugs into the tumor mass difficult. With the development of nanotechnology the effectiveness of the drugs currently in use is on an increase and the reach to glial brain tumors is expanding. Nanoparticles are a preferred carrier of medicinal agents and dyes due to their size, availability of surface modification and the flexibility enabling the integration of several functional components into a single system. This makes it possible to direct the development of nanoparticles towards applications in the treatment and diagnosis of glial tumors. This dual approach helps to understand the location of the tumor tissue, bio-distribution of nanoparticles, and treatment progress and effectiveness. In order to improve the treatment and diagnosis approaches, various strategies can be applied to modify the surface of nanoparticles, including surface markers or so-called ligands and use the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment with specific targets which respond to specific stimuli. In this paper we review various strategies for the improvement of treatment and diagnosis of glial tumors, describe some surface markers and talk about opportunities for the introduction of nanoparticles into everyday clinical practice.
Keywords
About the Authors
I. F. GareevRussian Federation
Gareev Ilgiz Fanilevich — Post-graduate student of the Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Rehabilitation with the Course of Additional Professional Education
3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008
O. A. Beylerli
Russian Federation
Beylerli Ozal Arzuman — Post-graduate student of the Department of Urology with the Course of Additional Professional Education
3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008
V. N. Pavlov
Russian Federation
Pavlov Valentin Nikolaevich — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector, Head of the Department of Urology with the Course of Additional Professional Education
3 Lenin str., Ufa, 450008
Shiguang Zhao
China
Shiguang Zhao — Professor, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery
157 Baojian Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, 150081, China
Xin Chen
China
Xin Chen — Assistant lecturer of the Department of Neurosurgery, Pharmacologist
157 Baojian Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, 150081, China
Zhixing Zheng
China
Zhixing Zheng — Assistant lecturer of the Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgeon
157 Baojian Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, 150081, China
Chen Shen
China
Chen Shen — Assistant lecturer of the Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgeon
157 Baojian Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, 150081, China
Jinxian Sun
China
Jingxian Sun — Post-graduate student of the Department of Neurosurgery
157 Baojian Rd, Nangang Qu, Haerbin Shi, Heilongjiang Sheng, 150081, China
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Review
For citations:
Gareev I.F., Beylerli O.A., Pavlov V.N., Zhao Sh., Chen X., Zheng Zh., Shen Ch., Sun J. Nanoparticles: a New Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Glial Tumours. Creative surgery and oncology. 2019;9(1):66-74. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2019-9-1-66-74