Ethanol Sclerotherapy Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Toxic Adenoma: Clinical Case

Introduction. Thyrotoxic states are the result of an overproduction of thyroid hormones. Statistics from Russia indicate an increasing incidence of thyrotoxicosis, with 132 cases documented per 100,000 population in 2018. Diffuse toxic goiter is among the most frequent pathologies associated with thyrotoxic conditions. Hyperthyroidism can also result from toxic thyroid adenomas. Toxic nodular goiter is a condition that can manifest in various ways, including single lobe involvement with a solitary nodule or multiple nodules within one or both lobes. The clinical features of these adenomas encompass local symptoms, including cosmetic concerns, and systemic thyrotoxicosis, which inform subsequent management strategies. Aim. The development of personalized, minimally invasive approaches for treating thyroid neoplasms is driven by the need to preserve functioning organ tissue. Materials and methods. This article details a clinical case involving a patient diagnosed with nodular goiter exhibiting signs of thyrotoxicosis. We developed a combined surgical intervention, involving staged ethanol sclerotherapy followed by radiofrequency ablation of the nodule. Results and discussion. The minimally invasive thyroid intervention resulted in the normalization of hormonal balance, a 7-fold reduction in nodule size, an improvement in quality of life, and the restoration of natural neck contours. Conclusion. The study highlights the potential of interventional endocrine surgery as a means of preserving organ function in patients with toxic nodular formations.

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