Comparative Analysis of Surgical Treatment Outcomes for Colorectal Cancer in Elderly Patients Using Minimally Invasive Techniques

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common causes of cancer incidence and mortality, particularly among older adults. Population aging and increased life expectancy contribute to a growing proportion of elderly patients diagnosed with CRC. Considering comorbidities, functional limitations, and a high risk of complications, the choice of optimal surgical management in this population is challenging. Therefore, comparative analyses of different surgical strategies in this patient group present clinical significance. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of surgical outcomes in elderly patients with colon cancer depending on a surgical approach. Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients who underwent either laparotomic or laparoscopic surgery. Demographic and clinical and pathologic features, intra- and postoperative parameters, complication rates according to the Clavien—Dindo classification, as well as survival outcomes, were assessed. Results. Laparoscopic interventions were associated with shorter hospital stays, while overall survival rates were comparable between the two groups. The frequency of postoperative complications according to the Clavien—Dindo classification was similar; however, grade II complications occurred more frequently in the laparotomy group. No statistically significant differences were observed in postoperative mortality or disease stage between the groups. Discussion. Both current literature and the obtained re‑ sults confirm the safety and effectiveness of the laparoscopic approach in elderly patients with CRC. Minimally invasive interventions are associated with reduced intraoperative trauma and more favorable postoperative recovery. Nevertheless, careful preoperative selection remains essential, particularly in patients with severe comorbidities. Conclusion. The findings indicate that minimally invasive procedures are safe and highly effective in the surgical management of colorectal cancer in elderly patients.

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