Радиочастотная абляция при лечении папиллярного рака щитовидной железы: обзор литературы

Рак щитовидной железы является одним из наиболее распространенных злокачественных новообразований эндокринной системы. Традиционным методом лечения остается хирургическая операция, однако для пациентов с низкорисковыми формами заболевания, особенно микрокарциномами, активно изучаются минимально инвазивные технологии. Настоящая статья представляет обзор современных данных о применении радиочастотной абляции при лечении дифференцированного рака щитовидной железы. Проведен анализ двадцати семи ключевых источников, включая международные руководства, метаанализы, проспективные и ретроспективные исследования. Показано, что радиочастотная абляция обеспечивает сопоставимый с хирургическим вмешательством уровень локального контроля и безрецидивной выживаемости при значительно меньшем числе осложнений и сохранении функции щитовидной железы. Метод особенно эффективен у пациентов с единичными опухолями до одного сантиметра без признаков метастазирования. Новизна данной работы заключается в комплексной оценке накопленных клинических данных, сравнении радиочастотной абляции с хирургическим лечением, а также в анализе отдаленных результатов лечения и их отражения в международных клинических рекомендациях 2022–2025 годов. Обзор демонстрирует, что радиочастотная абляция формирует новое направление в терапии рака щитовидной железы, позволяя объединить онкологическую эффективность и органосохраняющий подход. При этом подчеркивается необходимость дальнейших рандомизированных исследований для окончательного определения ее места в стандартах лечения.

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